Human-Document Interaction Area / ISTL / PARC

 
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Sensemaking
    We have recently focussed on these projects:
  • Sparrow Web

    Sparrow Web makes writing to the web as easy as reading from the web! Sparrow Web is a system that adds structured, in-place editing to community-shared web pages. It allows contributors to add and modify information on a Sparrow Web page using simple fill-in forms specified by the author/manager of the Sparrow Web page. Sparrow Web pages are standard web pages, and casual visitors do not have to be aware of Sparrow Web editing capability. Sparrow Web pages may have any number of different kinds of Sparrow Web items, interspersed with other HTML content. The Sparrow Web package comes with sample pages - a set of commonly used templates that can be cloned and used immediately - and with a complete authors manual for creating new Sparrow Web pages. Sparrow Web also has security features, that make it easy to set permissions for authoring and managing Sparrow Web pages.

  • Niagara

    Information flows in knowledge work. From the perspective of information retrieval, information flows to a person from outside sources. If information flows faster than we can handle it, we can become overwhelmed by "information overload." But information coming to us from outside is only half of the picture. We can also be overwhelmed by the flow of information from within us. When we are brainstorming or working intensely, we experience being "in the flow" in our streams of thought. Sometimes, however, ideas can bubble up in our minds faster than we can write them down or organize them. Our most important task when generating ideas is to get the ideas recorded into the external memory before they are forgotten. During bursts of intense information work, user interfaces that divert too much of our attention to organizing or correcting representations of our thoughts can take us out of the flow. When we wake up from the distractions we wonder, "what did I just forget?" or "where was I?" Niagara is a tool that is intended to help users to stay in the flow while developing ideas in a 2.5 dimensional workspace.

  • UbiText (in collaboration with SPIA)

  • ProductSense (no external information yet available)

In the past, we have worked on these projects:

  • Inter-Language Unification

    The Inter-Language Unification system (ILU) is a multi-language object interface system. The object interfaces provided by ILU hide implementation distinctions between different languages, between different address spaces, and between operating system types. ILU can be used to build multi-lingual object-oriented libraries ("class libraries") with well-specified language-independent interfaces. It can also be used to implement distributed systems. It can also be used to define and document interfaces between the modules of non-distributed programs.

  • MailContent

    Email has become a major focus of people's working lives, serving as a primary source of information and and medium for collaboration. However, email volumes are a serious problem. The inbox aspect of this problem is well recognized. Less recognized is the fact that these same volumes have built huge archived discussion lists, both public and private. While these archives constitute important new information sources, their size strongly limits their utility.

    The MailContent project has the general goal of facilitating human email processing by assisting readers of message collections to obtain a good picture of collection content, to select threads of interest, and to read those threads efficiently.

    The primary current result is an integrated, browser-based environment for exploring an email archive. It contains overview facilities for discussion lists as a whole, and new visualizations for threads. These visualizations, described in a recent paper provide useful overviews of thread structure and content, and serve as guides to more detailed displays allowing efficient, play-like reading of entire threads or subthreads.

    A secondary result is a prototype inbox application providing displays that vary the amount of detail provided for individual message categories based on user view specifications.

  • Focus + Context Screens

    Sensemaking situations typically require users to view a large amount of information at the same time in order to perform "visual sensemaking", i.e. to discover structure in the shown corpus of information. In order to support this type of analysis, we developed focus plus context screens. Focus plus context screens are wall-size low-resolution displays with an embedded high-resolution display region. They are used to display a single large document across the entire hybrid screen, such that the scaling of document content is preserved, while its resolution varies. Focus plus context screens allow sensemakers to perceive context information simultaneously via peripheral vision while working on a given task in the focus region, thereby fostering the sensemakers orientation and capability to detect structure by using peripheral vision.

  • Fluid Documents

    Fluid Documents uses lightweight interactive animation to incorporate annotations in their context. Our approach initially uses the space on a page for primary information, indicating the presence of supporting material with small visual cues. When a user expresses interest in a cue, its annotation gradually expands nearby. Meanwhile, the surrounding information alters its typography and/or layout to create the needed visual space.

  • Documents.com (no external information yet available)

  • HTTP-NG

    The PARC HTTP-NG project aimed at developing a proof-of-concept of a binary distributed object protocol, for use with the Web, which was (1) optimized for Internet use; (2) at least as efficient as HTTP 1.1 for World Wide Web use; and (3) also provided direct support for remote service invocation models such as DCOM or CORBA. We believe encoded and unwieldy forms of such invocations are a sizable fraction of Web traffic and that users of the Web and builders of distributed systems would benefit from having one consistent system, rather than trying to cope with many different ones simultaneously.

  • Toolglass and Magic Lens: See-through Interfaces

    This project focuses on a new style of graphical user interface, called the see-through interface. The see-through interface includes semi-transparent interactive tools, called Toolglass widgets, that are used in an application work area. They appear on a virtual sheet of transparent glass, called a Toolglass sheet, between the application and a traditional cursor. These widgets may provide a customized view of the application underneath them, using viewing filters called Magic Lens filters. Each lens is a screen region together with an operator, such as "magnification" or "render in wireframe," performed on objects viewed in the region. The user positions a Toolglass sheet over desired objects and then points through the widgets and lenses. These tools create spatial modes that can replace temporal modes in user interface systems.