Janssen, W. (2006).
UpLib and the future of digital personal libraries.
Electronic Imaging 2006.

Billman, D., Convertino, G., Shrager, J., Massar, J. P. and Pirolli, P. (2006).
Collaborative Intelligence Analysis with CACHE and its Effects on Information Gathering and Cognitive Bias.
Human Computer Interaction Consortium Workshop, Snow Mountain, CO.

Bier, E., Ishak, E. and Chi, E. H. (2006).
Entity workspace: an evidence file that aids memory, inference, and reading.
Intelligence and Security Informatics 2006.

Chi, E. H. and Pirolli, P. (2006).
Social information foraging and collaborative search.
HCIC Workshop.

Pirolli, P. and Gumbrecht, M. (2006).
Generality of Transfer of Navigation Knowledge from Degree-of-Interest Trees.
CHI 2006.

Hong, L., Card, S. K. and Chen, J. (2006).
Turning Pages of 3D Electronic Books.
IEEE Symposium on 3D user interfaces.

Bier, E., Ishak, E. and Chi, E. H. (2006).
Entity quick click-rapid text copying based on automatic entity extractions.
CHI 2006.

Budiu, R., Pirolli, P. and Fleetwood, M. (2006).
Navigation in Degree of Interest Trees.
AVU 2006.

Budiu, R., Royer, C. and Pirolli, P. (2006).
Modeling Informattion Scent: A Comparison of LSA, PMI-IR, and GLSA Similarity Measures on Common Test and Corpora.
CHI 2006.

Matveeva, I., Farahat, A. and Royer, C. (2005).
Document representation with Generalized Latent Semantic Analys.
Conference 0n Research and Development in Information Retrieval (SIGIR 2005).

Matveeva, I., Farahat, A. and Royer, C. (2005).
Document representation with Generalized Latent Semantic Analysis.
16th European Conference on Machine Learning.

Royer, C., Matveeva, I. and Farahat, A. (2005).
Terms and document representation with generalized latent semantic analysis.
EMNLP.

Farahat, A., Matveeva, I. and Royer, C. (2005).
Term representation with generalized latent semantic analysis.
RANLP (Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing).

Janssen, W., Breidenbach, J., Good, L. and Popat, A. (2005).
Making UpLib useful: personal document engineering.
ACM Symposium on Document Engineering, 2005.

Janssen, W. (2005).
ReadUp: A widget for reading.
2005 European Conference on Digital Libraries (ECDL 2005).

Gurevich, O., Janssen, W. and Karttunen, L. (2005).
Animated dynamic highlighting for reading.
ACM/IEEE 2005 Joint Conference on Digital Libraries.

Card, S. K. (2005).
Chapter 2. The science of analytical reasoning.
Illuminating the Path: the Research and Development Agenda for Visual Analytics.

Good, L., Popat, A., Janssen, W. and Bier, E. (2005).
UC: A fluid interface for personal digital libraries.
Joint Conference on Digital Libraries.

Chi, E. H., Gumbrecht, M. and Hong, L. (2005).
Visual foraging of highlighted text: an eye-tracking study.
CHI2006.

Fu, W.-T. and Pirolli, P. (2005).
SNIF-ACT: A Model of User Navigation on the World Wide Web.
Journal Cognitive Science.

Chi, E. H., Hong, L., Gumbrecht, M. and Card, S. K. (2005).
ScentHighlights: highlighting conceptually-related sentences during reading.
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces.

Chi, E. H. (2005).
Introducing Wearable Force Sensors in Martial Arts.
IEEE Pervasive Computing no 3.

Chi, E. H., Borriello, B., Hunt, G. and Davies, N. (2005).
Pervasive Computing in Sports Technologies: Guest Editor's Introduction.
IEEE Pervasive Computing No. 4.

Hong, L., Chi, E. H. and Card, S. K. (2005).
Annotating 3D Electronic Books.
Proceedings of the Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference (CHI2005) Conference Companion.

Pirolli, P., Chi, E. H. and Farahat, A. (2005).
Information Scent and Web Navigation: Theory, Models, and Automated Usability Evaluation.
HCI International.

Pirolli, P. (2005).
The Theory of Information Scent.
Next Wave: The Research Associate Directorate technical trends publications.

Pirolli, P. (2005).
Cognitive Models of Human-Information Interaction.
Handbook of Applied Cognition.

Bier, E. and Perer, A. (2005).
Icon Abacus and Ghost Icons.
JCDL 2005:Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries.

Bier, E. and Perer, A. (2005).
Icon Abacus: Positional Display of Document Attributes.
JCDL 2005:Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries.

Budiu, R. and Anderson, J. (2005).
Negation in non-literal sentences.
Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society.

Royer, C., Farahat, A., Pirolli, P. and Budiu, R. (2005).
GLSA Server @ PARC.
Twelfth Annual ACT-R Workshop.

Budiu, R. and Pirolli, P. (2005).
Navigation in DOI Trees.
Twelfth Annual ACT-R Workshop.

Good, L., Popat, A., Janssen, W. and Bier, E. (2005).
Fluid Interfaces for Personal Digital Libraries.
9th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries.

Janssen, W. (2004).
Issues in Construction of Document Thumbnails for Page-Image Digital Libraries.
ACM European Conference on Digital Libraries.

Janssen, W. (2004).
Collaboration Mechanisms for the UpLib System.
ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries.

Stefik, M. (2004).
The new sensemakers: what's the next thing beyond search? sensemaking.
Innovation Pipeline.

Card, S. K. (2004).
From information visualization to sensemaking: connecting the mind's eye to the mind's muscle.
Information Visualization 2004.

Heer, J. and Card, S. K. (2004).
DOITrees revisited: scalable, space-constrained visualization of hierarchical data.
Proceedings of the Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces 2004.

Pirolli, P. (2004).
The InfoCLASS model: Conceptual richness and inter-person conceptual coherence about information collections.
Journal of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society.

Pirolli, P. (2004).
Information foraging on the Web: Rational analyses of human-information interaction.
Cognitive Science.

Pirolli, P. (2004).
The use of proximal information scent to forage for distal content on the World Wide Web.
Working with technology in mind: Brunswikian resources for cognitive science and engineering.

Farahat, A. and Pirolli, P. (2004).
The Web as a back off corpus.
Association of Computational Lnguistics.

Stefik, M. and Stefik, B. (2004).
The prepared mind versus the beginner's mind: synthesizing opposite advice for creative design and invention.
.

Good, L., Stefik, M. and Bederson, B. (2004).
Comparing Zoomable User Interfaces to Folders for a Shape Organization Task.
Information Visualization Conference.

Bier, E., Good, L., Newberger, A. and Popat, A. (2004).
Zoomable user interface for in-depth reading.
Proceedings of the 2004 Joint ACM/IEEE Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL).

Bier, E., Good, L., Popat, A. and Newberger, A. (2004).
A document corpus browser for in-depth reading.
Proceedings of the 2004 Joint ACM/IEEE Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL 2004).

Hong, L., Card, S. K. and Mackinlay, J. D. (2004).
Page Turning Design for 3D Electronic Books.
UIST 2004 Conference.

Hong, L., Card, S. K. and Chen, J. (2004).
Deforming Pages of 3D Electronic Books.
Siggraph'04 Sketches.

Chi, E. H., Song, J. and Corbin, G. (2004).
"Killer app" of wearable computing: wireless force sensing body protectors for marial arts.
Proceedings of the 17th Annual ACM Conference on User Interface Software and Technology.

Pirolli, P. (2004).
The Use of Proximal Information Scent to Forage for Distal Content on the World Wide Web.
Working with Technology in Mind: Brunswikian Resources for Cognitive Science and Engineering. Oxford University Press.

Mackinlay, J. D. and Royer, C. (2004).
Log-based Longitudinal Study Finds Window Thrashing.
.

Chi, E. H. (2004).
Transient User Profiling.
Proceedings of the Workshop on User Profiling (CHI2004), Vienna, Austria.

Mackinlay, J. D. and Heer, J. (2004).
Wideband Displays: Mitigating Multiple Monitor Seams.
Proceedings of the Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference (CHI2004), Vienna, Austria.

Card, S. K., Hong, L., Mackinlay, J. D. and Chi, E. H. (2004).
3Book: a 3D Electronic Smart Book.
Advanced Visual Interfaces (AVI) 2004.

Card, S. K., Hong, L., Mackinlay, J. D. and Chi, E. H. (2004).
3Book: A Scalable 3D Virtual Book.
Proceedings of the Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference (CHI2004) Conference Companion, Vienna, Austria.

Chi, E. H., Hong, L., Heiser, J. and Card, S. K. (2004).
eBooks with Indexes that Reorganize Conceptually.
Proceedings of the Human Factors in Computing Systems Conference (CHI2004) Conference Companion, Vienna, Austria.

Janssen, W. and Popat, A. (2003).
UpLib: a universal personal digital library system.
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM Symposium on Document Engineering.

Janssen, W. and Popat, A. (2003).
Design and Implementation of a Universal Personal Digital Library System.
European Conference on Digital Libraries.

Chi, E. H. (2003).
Validating InfoScent Models with Large Scale User Studies.
IBM NPUC Workshop (New Paradigms in User Computing.

Pirolli, P. (2003).
A theory of information scent.
10th International Conference on Human-Computer Interation.

Card, S. K., Hutchins, S. and Pirolli, P. (2003).
Use of Critical Analysis Method to Conduct a Cognitive Task Analysis of Intelligence Analysts.
6th International Conference on Naturalistic Decision Making.

Heer, J. and Card, S. K. (2003).
Efficient User Interest Estimation in Fisheye Views.
Extended Abstracts of CHI 2003, Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Fort Lauderdale, FL.

Mackinlay, J. D., Heer, J. and Royer, C. (2003).
Wideband Visual Interfaces: Sensemaking on Multiple Monitors.
Technical Report.

Heer, J., Card, S. K., Heiser, J. and Pirolli, P. (2003).
AVID: Supporting the creation of scalable, responsive visualizations.
Working Paper.

Olston, C. and Chi, E. H. (2003).
ScentTrails: Integrating Browsing and Searching on the Web.
ACM Transaction on Computer-Human Interaction.

Pirolli, P. and Fu, W.-T. (2003).
SNIF-ACT: A model of information foraging on the world wide web.
Ninth International Conference on User Modeling, Johnstown, PA.

Card, S. K. (2003).
Innovation and the Next Generation of Human-Computer Interacftion.
Ann Arbor, MI: School of Business, University of Michigan.

Chi, E. H., Rosien, A., Supattanasiri, G., Williams, A., Royer, C., Chow, C., Robles, E., Dalal, B., Chen, J. and Cousins, S. (2003).
The Bloodhound Project: Automating Discovery of Web Usability Issues using the InfoScent™ Simulator.
CHI 2003, Fort Lauderdale, FL.

Pirolli, P. (2002).
Information Scent and the Adaptive Conceptual Lens on Information.
Cognitive Science.

Pirolli, P. (2002).
Stochastic Models of Information Foraging by Information Scent.
ACM Transactions on Computer Human Interaction.

Pirolli, P. (2002).
A theory of information scent.
10th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction 2003.

Pirolli, P. (2002).
Adaptive Information Interaction.
ONR Workshop.

Stefik, M. and Stefik, B. (2002).
Breakthrough: stories and strategies of radical innovation.
Book.

Card, S. K. (2002).
Degree-of-Interest Trees: A Component of an Attention-Reactive User Interface.
.

Nation, D., Roberts, D. and Card, S. K. (2002).
Browse Hierarchical Data with the Degree of Interest Tree.
ACM CHI 2002 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.

Card, S. K. and Nation, D. (2002).
Degree-of-Interest Trees: A Component of an Attention-Reactive User Interface.
Advanced Visual Interfaces, Trento, Italy.

Chi, E. H., Rosien, A. and Heer, J. (2002).
LumberJack: Intelligent Discovery and Analysis of Web User Traffic Composition.
ACM-SIGKDD Workshop on Web Mining for Usage Patterns and User Profiles, Edmonton, Canada.

Chi, E. H. (2002).
Expressiveness of the Data Flow and Data State Models in Visualization Systems.
Advanced Visual Interfaces Conference, Trento, Italy 375-378.

Chi, E. H. (2002).
Scent of the Web.
Human Factors and Web Development. Erlbaum, Hilsdale, New Jersey: pp. 265-285.

Pirolli, P., Fu, W.-T., Reeder, R. and Card, S. K. (2002).
A User-Tracing Architecture for Modeling Interaction with the World Wide Web.
Advanced Visual Interfaces, Trento, Italy.

Wan, M., Liang, Z., Ke, Q., Hong, L., Bitter, I. and Kaufman, A. (2002).
Automatic Centerline Extraction for Virtual Colonoscopy.
IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 21(12): 1450-1460.

Chi, E. H. (2002).
Improving Web Usability Through Visualization.
IEEE Internet Computing: 64-71.

Chi, E. H. (2002).
A Framework for Visualizing Information.
Human-Computer Interaction Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands: 176.

Waterson, S., Hong, J. I., Sohn, T., Heer, J., Matthews, T. and Landay, J. A. (2002).
What Did They Do? Understanding Clickstreams with the WebQuilt Visualization System.
Advanced Visual Interfaces, Trento, Italy.

Heer, J. and Chi, E. H. (2002).
Mining the Structure of User Activity using Cluster Stability.
SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Workshop on Web Analytics, Arlington, VA.

Bouvin, N. O., Zellweger, P. T., Grønbæk, K. and Mackinlay, J. D. (2002).
Fluid Annotations Through Open Hypermedia: Using and Extending Emerging Web Standards.
WWW2002, Hawaii.

Heer, J. and Chi, E. H. (2002).
Separating the Swarm: Categorization Methods for User Access Sessions on the Web.
Proc. of the Human Factor in Computing Systems Conference (CHI 2002), Minneapolis, MN.

Shneiderman, B., Card, S. K., Norman, D. A., Tremaine, M. and Waldrop, M. M. (2001).
CHI@20: Fighting Our Way from Marginality to Power.
ACM CHI 2002 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.

Chi, E. H., Pirolli, P., Chen, K. and Pitkow, J. (2001).
Using Information Scent to Model User Information Needs and Actions on the Web.
ACM CHI 2001 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Seattle, WA 490--497.

He, T., Hong, L., Chen, D. and Liang, Z. (2001).
Reliable Path for Virtual Endoscopy: Ensuring Complete Examination of Human Organs.
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 7(4): 333-342.

Hong, J. I., Heer, J., Waterson, S. and Landay, J. A. (2001).
WebQuilt: A Proxy-based Approach to Remote Web Usability Testing.
ACM Transactions on Information Systems.

Card, S. K. (2001).
Large-Scale Cognition: The Psychology of Informavores.
Stanford, CA: Dept. of Psychology, Stanford University.

Heer, J. and Chi, E. H. (2001).
Identification of Web User Traffic Composition using Multi-Modal Clustering and Information Scent.
Proceedings of the Workshop on Web Mining, SIAM Conference on Data Mining, Chicago, IL 51-58.

Reeder, R. W., Pirolli, P. and Card, S. K. (2001).
WebEyeMapper and WebLogger: Tools for Analyzing Eye Tracking Data Collected in Web-use Studies.
CHI 2001, Seattle.

Woodruff, A., Faulring, A., Rosenholtz, R., Morrison, J. and Pirolli, P. (2001).
Using Thumbnails to Search the Web.
CHI 2001, Seattle.

Morrison, J. B., Pirolli, P. and Card, S. K. (2001).
A Taxonomic Analysis of What World Wide Web Activities Significantly Impact People's Decisions and Actions.
CHI 2001, Seattle.

Woodruff, A., Aoki, P. M., Hurst, A. and Szymanski, M. H. (2001).
The Guidebook, the Friend, and the Room: Visitor Experience in a Historic House.
CHI 2001, Seattle.

Aoki, P. M., Hurst, A. and Woodruff, A. (2001).
Tap Tips: Lightweight Discovery of Touchscreen Targets.
CHI 2001, Seattle.

Pirolli, P., Card, S. K. and Van Der Wege, M. (2001).
Visual Information Foraging in a Focus+Context Visualization.
CHI 2001, Seattle.

Card, S. K., Pirolli, P., Van Der Wege, M., Morrison, J., Reeder, R. W., Schraedley, P. and Boshart, J. (2001).
Information Scent as a Driver of Web Behavior Graphs: Results of a Protocol Analysis Method for Web Usability.
CHI 2001, Seattle.

Chi, E. H. (2000).
The Future of Software: Visualization+Computation Tools.
Future of Software Special Issue.

Chi, E. H., Riedl, J. T., Shoop, E. and Barry, P. (2000).
Visualization Method for Biological Sequence Similarity Reports.
Journal of Electronic Imaging: Special Issue on Visualization and Data Analysis.

Olston, C. and Woodruff, A. (2000).
Getting Portals to Behave.
InfoVis 2000, Salt Lake City 15-25.

Chi, E. H. (2000).
A Taxonomy of Visualization Techniques Using the Data State Reference Model.
InfoVis 2000, Salt Lake City 69-75.

Aoki, P. M. and Woodruff, A. (2000).
Improving Electronic Guidebook Interfaces Using a Task-Oriented Design Approach.
DIS 2000, New York 319-325.

Mackinlay, J. D. (2000).
Opportunities for Information Visualization.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 20(1).

Reeder, R. W., Pirolli, P. and Card, S. K. (2000).
WebLogger: A Data Collection Tool for Web-use Studies.
Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA.

Baldonado, M. Q. W., Woodruff, A. and Kuchinsky, A. (2000).
Guidelines for Using Multiple Views in Information Visualization.
AVI 2000, Palermo, Italy.

Pirolli, P., Card, S. K. and Van Der Wege, M. (2000).
The Effect of Information Scent on Searching Information Visualizations of Large Tree Structures.
AVI 2000, Palermo, Italy.

Chi, E. H. and Riedl, J. T. (2000).
Case Study: Resource Steering in a Visualization System.
Proceedings of the Joint Eurographics IEEE TCVG Symposium on Visualization (VisSym '00), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Woodruff, A., Gossweiler, R., Pitkow, J., Chi, E. H. and Card, S. K. (2000).
Enhancing a Digital Book with a Reading Recommender.
CHI 2000, The Hague, The Netherlands 153-160.

Chi, E. H., Pirolli, P. and Pitkow, J. (2000).
The Scent of a Site: A System for Analyzing and Predicting Information Scent, Usage, and Usability of a Web Site.
CHI 2000, The Hague, The Netherlands 161-168.

Chi, E. H. and Card, S. K. (1999).
Sensemaking of Evolving Web Sites using Visualization Spreadsheets.
Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis '99), San Francisco.

Chi, E. H. (1999).
Web Analysis Visualization Spreadsheet.
ACM Digital Library Workshop on Organizing Web Space (WOWS '99), Berkeley, CA 24-31.

Pitkow, J. E. and Pirolli, P. (1999).
Mining longest repeated subsequences to predict World Wide Web surfing.
Second USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems.

Stefik, M. J. (1999).
The Internet Edge: A Book of Changes.
MIT Press.

Pirolli, P. and Card, S. K. (1999).
Information Foraging.
Psychological Review 106(4): 643-675.

Pirolli, P. (1999).
Cognitive Architectures and Cognitive Engineering Models in Human-Computer Interaction.
The handbook of applied cognition. John T. Wiley, Sussex, England.

Woodruff, A., Landay, J. and Stonebraker, M. (1999).
VIDA (Visual Information Density Adjuster).
CHI '99, Pittsburgh, PA.

Pirolli, P. and Pitkow, J. E. (1999).
Distributions of Surfers' Paths Through the World Wide Web: Empirical Characterization.
World Wide Web 2(1-2): 29-45.

Chi, E. H. (1999).
A Framework for Information Visualization Spreadsheets.
University of Minnesota.

Pitkow, J. E. (1998).
Summary of WWW Characterizations.
Web Journal 2(1-2): 3-13.

Ferwerda, J., Gossweiler, R., Healey, C., Interrante, V. and Reingans, P. (1998).
Perception and Its Application in Computer Graphics.
.

Card, S. K., Mackinlay, J. D. and Shneiderman, B. (1998).
Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think.
Morgan-Kaufmann, San Francisco, California.

Zellweger, P. T., Chang, B.-W. and Mackinlay, J. D. (1998).
Fluid Links for Informed and Incremental Link Transitions.
Proceedings of Hypertext'98 50-57.

Woodruff, A., Landay, J. and Stonebraker, M. (1998).
Goal-Directed Zoom.
CHI '98, Los Angeles 305-6.

Woodruff, A., Landay, J. and Stonebraker, M. (1998).
Constant Information Density in Zoomable Interfaces.
Advanced Visual Interfaces '98, L'Aquila, Italy 57-65.

Woodruff, A., Landay, J. and Stonebraker, M. (1998).
Constant Density Visualizations of Non-Uniform Distributions of Data.
UIST '98, San Francisco 19-28.

Pitkow, J. E. (1998).
Summary of WWW Characterizations.
The Seventh International World Wide Web Conference, Brisbane, Australia.

Pirolli, P. and Wilson, M. (1998).
A Theory of the Measurement of Knowledge Content, Access, and Learning.
Psychological Review 105: 58-82.

Pirolli, P. and Card, S. K. (1998).
Information Foraging Models of Browsers for Very Large Document Spaces.
AVI '98, L'Aquilla, Italy 83-93.

Pirolli, P. (1998).
Exploring Browser Design Trade-Offs Using a Dynamical Model of Optimal Information Foraging.
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '98, Los Angeles 33-40.

ONR/CNMOC Working Group (1998).
Report of the 7-8 May 1998 ONR/CNMOC Interactive METOC Working Group.
Office of Naval Research, San Diego, California.

Igarashi, T., Zellweger, P. T., Chang, B.-W. and Mackinlay, J. D. (1998).
Fluid Visualization of Spreadsheet Structures.
Proceedings of Visual Languages'98.

Huberman, B. A., Pirolli, P., Pitkow, J. and Lukose, R. J. (1998).
Strong Regularities in World Wide Web Surfing.
Science 280: 95-97.

Gershon, N., Eick, S. and Card, S. K. (1998).
Information Visualization.
Interactions March-April.

Chi, E. H. and Riedl, J. T. (1998).
An Operator Interaction Framework for Visualization Systems.
Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis '98), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 63-70.

Chi, E. H., Riedl, J., Barry, P. and Konstan, J. (1998).
Principles for Information Visualization Spreadsheets.
Computer Graphics and Applications: 30-38.

Chi, E. H., Pitkow, J., Mackinlay, J., Pirolli, P., Gossweiler, R. and Card, S. K. (1998).
Visualizing the Evolution of Web Ecologies.
ACM Conference on Human Factors in Software (CHI '98), Los Angeles 400-407, 644-645.

Chang, B.-W., Mackinlay, J. D., Zellweger, P. T. and Igarashi, T. (1998).
A Negotiation Architecture for Fluid Documents.
Proceedings of UIST'98, ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 123-132.

Chi, E. H., Barry, P., Riedl, J. and Konstan, J. (1997).
A Spreadsheet Approach to Information Visualization.
Symposium on Information Visualization (InfoVis '97), Phoenix, AZ 17-24.

Woodruff, A. and Stonebraker, M. (1997).
Supporting Fine-Grained Data Lineage in a Database Visualization Environment.
13th Int'l Conf. on Data Engineering, Birmingham, England 91-102.

Pitkow, J. E. (1997).
In Search of Reliable Usage Data on the WWW.
The Sixth International World Wide Web Conference, Santa Clara, California.

Chi, E. H., Konstan, J., Barry, P. and Riedl, J. (1997).
A Spreadsheet Approach to Information Visualization.
ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST '97) 79-80.

Pitkow, J. E. (1997).
Characterizing World Wide Web Ecologies.
Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA.

Pirolli, P. and Card, S. (1997).
The Evolutionary Ecology of Information Foraging.
Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA.

Pitkow, J. and Pirolli, P. (1997).
Life, Death, and Lawfulness on the Electronic Frontier.
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '97, Atlanta, GA 383-390.

Pirolli, P. (1997).
Computational Models of Information Scent-Following in a very Large Browsable Text Collection.
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '97, Atlanta, GA 3-10.

Card, S. K. and Mackinlay, J. (1997).
The Structure of the Information Visualization Design Space.
IEEE Symposium on Information Visualization, Phoenix, AZ 92-99.

Abowd, G., Pitkow, J. and Kazman, R. (1996).
Analyzing Differences Between Internet Information System Software Architectures.
International Communications Conference 1996 (ICC 96), Dallas, Texas.

Card, S. K. (1996).
The Human, the Computer, the Task, and their Interaction-Analytic Models and Use-Centered Design.
Mind Matters: A Tribute to Allen Newell. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, New Jersey.

Woodruff, A., Aoki, P. M., Brewer, E., Gauthier, P. and Rowe, L. A. (1996).
An Investigation of Documents on the World World Web.
5th Int'l Conf. on the World Wide Web, Paris 963-980.

Recker, M. M. and Pitkow, J. E. (1996).
Predicting Document Access in Large Multimedia Repositories.
Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 3(4): 352-375.

Pitkow, J. E. and Kehoe, C. M. (1996).
Emerging Trends in the WWW User Population.
Communications of the ACM 39(6).

Pitkow, J. E. and Jones, R. K. (1996).
Supporting the Web: A Distributed Hyperlink Database System.
The Fifth International World Wide Web Conference, Paris, France.

Pirolli, P., Pitkow, J. and Rao, R. (1996).
Silk from a Sow's Ear: Extracting Usable Structures from the Web.
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI '96, Vancouver, Canada.

Kehoe, C. M. and Pitkow, J. E. (1996).
Surveying the Territory: GVU's Five WWW User Surveys.
The World Wide Web Journal 1(3).

Chi, E. H., Riedl, J., Shoop, E., Carlis, J., Retzel, E. and Barry, P. (1996).
Flexible Information Visualization of Multivariate Data from Biological Sequence Similarity Searches.
IEEE Visualization '96 133-140, 477.

Card, S. K., Robertson, G. G. and York, W. (1996).
The WebBook and the Web Forager: An Information Workspace for the World-Wide Web.
ACM Conference on Human Factors in Software (CHI '96) 111-117.

Aiken, A., Chen, J., Stonebraker, M. and Woodruff, A. (1996).
Tioga-2: A Direct Manipulation Database Visualization Environment.
12th Int'l Conf. on Data Engineering, New Orleans, LA 208-17.

Stefik, M. (1996).
Shifting the Possible.
Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA.

Stefik, M. (1996).
Letting Loose the Light: Igniting Commerce in Electronic Publication.
Internet dreams: Archetypes, myths, and metaphors. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

Tenev, T. and Rao, R. (1996).
The Spreadcube: Visualizing Multidimensional Data.
Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA.

Pirolli, P., Schank, P., Hearst, M. and Diehl, C. (1996).
Scatter/Gather Browsing Communicates the Topic Structure of a Very Large Text Collection.
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '96), Vancouver, BC.

Draney, K. L., Wilson, M. and Pirolli, P. (1996).
Measuring Learning in LISP: An Application of the Random Coefficients Multinomial Logic Model.
Objective measurement: Theory in practice (Vol. 3): 195-218.

Pirolli, P. and Rao, R. (1996).
Table Lens as a Tool for Making Sense of Data.
Advanced Visual Interfaces Workshop, AVI '96, Gubbio, Italy.

Pirolli, P., Card, S. K. and Gigch, J. P. v. (1996).
The Knowledge Crystallization Task: Information Foraging in the Wild.
Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA.

Card, S. K. (1996).
Visualizing Retrieved Information: A Survey.
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 16(2, March): 63-67.

Rao, R. and Card, S. K. (1995).
Exploring Large Tables with the Table Lens.
ACM SIGCHI '95, Denver.

Draney, K., Pirolli, P. and Wilson, M. (1995).
A Measurement Model for a Complex Cognitive Skill.
Cognitively diagnostic assessment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ: 103-125.

Card, S. K. (1995).
Pioneers and Settlers: Methods Used in Successful User Interface Design.
Human-computer interface design: Success stories, emerging methods, real-world context. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., San Francisco, California: 122-169.

Woodruff, A., Su, A., Stonebraker, M., Paxson, C., Chen, J., Aiken, A., Wisnovsky, P. and Taylor, C. (1995).
Navigation and Coordination Primitives for Multidimensional Browsers.
3rd Conf. on Vis. Database Sys., Lausanne, Switzerland 360-371.

Woodruff, A. and Stonebraker, M. (1995).
Buffering of Intermediate Results in Dataflow Diagrams.
11th IEEE Symp. on Visual Languages, Darmstadt, Germany 187-194.

Wilson, M. and Pirolli, P. (1995).
The Relationship between the Rasch Model and Conjoint Measurement Structures.
University of California, Berkeley, CA.

Rao, R., Pedersen, J. O., Hearst, M. A., Mackinlay, J. D., Card, S. K., Masinter, L., Halvorsen, P. K. and Robertson, G. G. (1995).
Rich Interaction in the Digital Library.
Communications of the ACM 38(4): 29-39.

Pitkow, J. E. and Recker, M. M. (1995).
Using the Web as a Survey Tool: Results from the Second WWW User.
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27(6).

Pitkow, J. E. and Kehoe, C. M. (1995).
Results from the Third World Wide Web User Survey.
The World Wide Web Journal 1(1).

Pitkow, J. E. and Jones, R. K. (1995).
Towards an Intelligent Publishing Environment.
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27(6).

Pirolli, P. and van Gigch, J. P. (1995).
Information Foraging and Sensemaking in Strategic Management: An Analysis of an in-situ Study.
Xerox PARC, Palo Alto, CA.

Pirolli, P. and Card, S. K. (1995).
Information Foraging in Information Access Environments.
ACM Conference on Human Factors in Software (CHI '95), Denver, Colorado 51–58.

Mackinlay, J., Rao, R. and Card, S. K. (1995).
An Organic User Interface for Searching Citation Links.
ACM Conference on Human Factors in Software (CHI '95), Denver, Colorado 67-73.

Larson, R. R., Plaunt, C., Woodruff, A. G. and Hearst, M. A. (1995).
The Sequoia 2000 Electronic Repository.
Digital Technical Journal 7(3): 50-65.

Lamping, J., Rao, R. and Pirolli, P. (1995).
A Focus + Context Technique Based on Hyperbolic Geometry for Visualizing Large Hierarchies.
ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '95), Denver, Colorado.

Chi, E. H., Barry, P., Shoop, E., Carlis, J., Retzel, E. and Riedl, J. (1995).
Visualization of Biological Sequence Similarity Search Results.
IEEE Visualization '95 44-51.

Catledge, L. D. and Pitkow, J. E. (1995).
Characterizing Browsing Strategies in the World-Wide Web.
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 26(6): 1065-1073.

Bielaczyc, K., Pirolli, P. and Brown, A. L. (1995).
Training in Self-Explanation and Self-Regulation Strategies: Investigating the Effects of Knowledge Acquisition Activities on Problem Solving.
Cognition and Instruction 13: 221-252.

Buxton, B. (1995).
Living in Augmented Reality: Ubiquitous Media and Reactive Environments.
Imagina, Monte Carlo.

Pitkow, J. E. and Recker, M. M. (1994).
A Simple Yet Robust Caching Algorithm Based Upon Dynamic Access Patterns.
Proceedings of the Second International World Wide Web Conference, Chicago, IL.

Pitkow, J. E. and Recker, M. M. (1994).
Integrating Bottom-Up and Top-Down Analysis for Intelligent Hypertext.
Third International Conference on Intelligent Knowledge Management, Maryland, Maryland.

Buxton, W. A. S. (1994).
Human Skills in Interface Design.
Interacting with virtual environments. Wiley, New York: 1-12.

Woodruff, A., Wisnovsky, P., Taylor, C., Su, A., Stonebraker, M., Paxson, C., Chen, J. and A.Aiken (1994).
Zooming and Tunneling in Tioga: Supporting Navigation in Multidimensional Space.
10th IEEE Symp. on Visual Languages, St. Louis 191-193.

Woodruff, A. and Plaunt, C. (1994).
GIPSY: Automated Geographic Indexing of Text Documents.
Journal of the American Society for Information Science (JASIS) 45(9): 645-655.

Recker, M. and Pirolli, P. (1994).
Modelling Individual Differences in Students' Learning Strategies.
Journal of the Learning Sciences 4: 1-38.

Rao, R., Card, S. K., Johnson, W., Klotz, L. and Trigg, R. (1994).
Protofoil: Storing and Finding the Information Worker's Paper Documents in an Electronic File Cabinet.
ACM Conference on Human Factors in Software (CHI '94), Boston, Massachusetts 180-185.

Rao, R. and Card, S. (1994).
The Table Lens: Merging Graphical and Symbolic Representations in an Interactive Focus + Context Visualization for Tabular Information.
ACM Conference on Human Factors in Software (CHI '94), Boston, Massachusetts.

Pitkow, J. E. and Recker, M. M. (1994).
Results From the First World Wide Web User Survey.
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems 27(2).

Pitkow, J. E. and Bharat, K. A. (1994).
WebViz: A Tool for WWW Access Log Visualization.
The First International World Wide Web Conference, Geneva, Switzerland.

Pirolli, P. and Recker, M. (1994).
Learning Strategies and Transfer in the Domain of Programming.
Cognition and Instruction 12: 235-275.

Mackinlay, J. D., Robertson, G. G. and DeLine, R. (1994).
Developing Calendar Visualizers for the Information Visualizer.
Proceedings of UIST'94, ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology 109-118.

Card, S. K., Pirolli, P. and Mackinlay, J. (1994).
The Cost-of-Knowledge Characteristic Function: Display Evaluation for Direct Walk Information Visualizations.
CHI '94 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Boston, MA 238-244.

Bielaczyc, K., Pirolli, P. and Brown, A. (1994).
Collaborative Explanations and Metacognition: Identifying Successful Learning Activities in the Acquisition of Cognitive Skills.
Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, Atlanta, GA 39-44.

Card, S. K. (1993).
Forward.
Human-Computer Interaction. Prentice-Hall, New York, New York.

Russell, D. M., Stefik, M. J., Pirolli, P. and Card, S. K. (1993).
The Cost Structure of Sensemaking.
INTERCHI '93 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Amsterdam 269-276.

Robertson, G. G. and Mackinlay, J. D. (1993).
The Document Lens.
Proceedings of UIST '93, Atlanta, Georgia 101-108.

Robertson, G. G., Card, S. K. and Mackinlay, J. D. (1993).
Non-Immersive Virtual Reality.
IEEE Computer 26(2 February): 81-83.

Robertson, G. G., Card, S. K. and Mackinlay, J. D. (1993).
Information Visualization Using 3D Interactive Animation.
Communications of the ACM 36(4 April): 57-71.

Rao, R., Russell, D. M. and Mackinlay, J. D. (1993).
System Components for Embedded Information Retrieval from Multiple Disparate Information Sources.
Proceedings of UIST'93, Atlanta, Georgia, November 23-33.

Pirolli, P. and Wilson, M. (1993).
Knowledge and the Simultaneous Conjoint Measurement of Activity, Agents, and Situations.
Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Boulder, CO.

Olson, J., Card, S., Landauer, T., Malone, T. and Leggett, J. (1993).
Computer Supported Cooperative Work: Research Issues for the 90s.
Behavior and Information Technology 12(2): 115-129.

Johnson, W., Jellinek, H. D., Klotz, L., Jr., Rao, R. and Card, S. K. (1993).
Bridging the Paper and Electronic Worlds: Th