% .bib file from Greg Grefenstette 3 Dec 97
% my additions at the end


@string{jacm={Journal of the ACM}}
@string{ compling          = "Computational Linguistics" }

, Susan Armstrong, in: Lexikon und Text, Sonderdruck aus Lexicographica, Series Maior, Band 73, Max Niemeyer Verlag.
       Tübingen, 1996, pp. 107-119. 

@INCOLLECTION{armstrong:1996,
        author =   "Susan Armstrong",
        title = "Multext: Multilingual Text Tools and Corpora",
        booktitle          = "Lexikon und Text",
        editor = "H.~Feldweg and E.~W.~Hinrichs",
	publisher      = "Max Niemeyer Verlag",
        address = "Tuebingen",
	year           = 1996,
        pages = "107--112"
}

@Article{Baker62,
title={Information Retrieval Based upon Latent Class Analysis},
author={Frank B. Baker},
pages={512--521},
journal=jacm,
month=oct,
year=1962,
volume=9,
number=4
}

@Article{Doyle61,
title={Semantic Road Maps for Literature Searchers},
author={Lauren B. Doyle},
pages={553--578},
journal=jacm,
month=oct,
year=1961,
volume=8,
number=4
}

@article{appel+jacobson:1988,
        title = {The World's Fastest {S}crabble Program},
        author = "Andrew W. Appel and Guy J. Jacobson",
        journal = "Communications of the ACM",
        publisher = "Association for Computing",
        year = 1988,
        volume = 31,
        number = 5,
        pages = "572--578"
}



@Article{Doyle65,
title={Is Automatic Classification a Reasonable Application of
Statistical Analysis of Text?},
author={Lauren B. Doyle},
pages={473--489},
journal=jacm,
month=oct,
year=1965,
volume=12,
number=4
}


@book{goldsmith:1990,
      title = "Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology",
      author = "John Goldsmith",
      year = 1990,
      publisher = "Oxford University Press",
      address = "Oxford, England",
}

@article{ggfs97,
        author =        "G. Grefenstette and F. Segond",
        journal =       "International Corpus of Corpus Linguistics",
        publisher = "John Benjamin Publishing Co.",
        year = 1997,
        volume =2,
        number =1 ,
        title =         "Multilingual Natural Language Processing"
}

@book{champarnaud+maurel+ziadi:1999,
        title = {Automata Implementation},
        editor = {Jean-Marc Champarnaud and Denis Maurel and Djelloul Ziadi},
        series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
        volume = 1660,
        year = 1999,
        publisher = {Springer Verlag},
        address = {Berlin, Germany}
}



@article{clifton74,
        author =        "John M. Clifton",
        editor =        "A. Bruck and R. A. Fox and M. W. {La Galy}",
        address =       "Chicago Linguistic Society",
        year =          "April 18, 1974",
        journal =       "Papers from the Parasession on Natural Phonology",
        pages =         "81--94",
        title =         "Another Look at Rule Reordering"
}


@article{church88,
        author =        "Kenneth Church",
        address =       "Austin-Marriott at the Capitol, Austin, Texas, USA",
        year =          "1988",
        journal =       "Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing",
        pages =         "136-143",
        title =         "A Stochastic Parts Program and Noun Phrase Parser for Unrestricted Text"
}


@InProceedings{Chanod+Tapanainen:95,
  author =       "J.P. Chanod and P. Tapanainen",
  title =        "Creating a tagset, lexicon and guesser for a french tagger",
  booktitle =    "Proceedings of the ACL SIGDAT Workshop",
  year =         1995,
  address =      "Dublin, Ireland",
  key =          "tagging"
}

@TECHREPORT{Belogonov93,
	AUTHOR = "G. Belogonov and Alexander Khoroshilov and Alexei Khoroshilov and B. Kuznetsov
             and A. Novoselov and N. Pashchenko and Y. Zelenkov",
	TITLE = "An interactive system
of Russian-English and English-Russian machine translation of
polythematic scientific and technical texts",
	INSTITUTION = " VINITI internal Report",
	ADDRESS = "Moscow",
	YEAR = "1993"
	}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Landauer90,
	AUTHOR = "T. K. Landauer and M. L. Littman",
	TITLE = "Fully Automatic Cross-Language
Document retrieval Using Latent Semantic Indexing",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Conference of the
       UW Centre for the New Oxford English Dictionary and Text Research",
	ADDRESS = "UW
       Centre for the New OED and Text Research, Waterloo Ontario",
        MONTH = "October",
	YEAR = "1990"
	}

@ARTICLE{VelhoLopes89,
        AUTHOR = "Roseane R. {Velho Lopes}",
	TITLE = "Automated Access to Multilingual Information: a
                  Brazilian case study",
	JOURNAL = "Information Development",
	NUMBER = "3",
	VOLUME = 5,
	YEAR = 1989
	}

@ARTICLE{fontenelle93,
	AUTHOR = "Thierry Fontenelle",
	TITLE = "Using a Bilingual Computerized Dictionary to Retrieve
                 Support Verbs and Combinatorial Information",
	JOURNAL = "Acta Linguistica Hungaraica",
	NUMBER = "1--4",
	VOLUME = 41,
	YEAR = 1993,
	PAGES = "109--121"
	}


@BOOK{charniak93,
	author         = "Eugene Charniak",
	title          = "Statistical Language Learning",
	publisher      = "MIT Press",
	year           = 1993,
	address        = "Cambridge, Mass"
}
@BOOK{allerton82,
	author         = "D. J. Allerton",
	title          = "Valency and the English verb",
	publisher      = "Academic Press",
	year           = 1982,
	address        = "London"
}

@BOOK{dragonbook,
	author         = "Afred V. Aho and Ravi Seth and Jeffrey D. Ullman",
	title          = "Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools",
	publisher      = "Addison Wesley",
	year           = 1986,
	address        = "Reading, Massachussetts"
}

@BOOK{aho88,
	author         = "Afred V. Aho",
	title          = "The {AWK} programming language",
	publisher      = "Addison Wesley",
	year           = 1988,
	address        = "Reading, Massachussetts"
}

@BOOK{hopcroft+ullman79,
	author         = "John E. Hopcroft and Jeffrey D. Ullman",
	title          = "Introduction to Automata Theory, Languages, and Computation",
	publisher      = "Addison Wesley",
	year           = 1979,
	address        = "Reading, Massachussetts"
}

@INCOLLECTION{ksjSumm96,
        author =   "Karen {Sparck Jones}",
        booktitle          = "Survey of the State of the Art 
                in Human Language Technology",
	publisher      = "National Science Foundation, European Commission",
	year           = 1996,
        chapter   = 7,
        section = 4,
        note = "http://www.cse.ogi.edu/CSLU/HLTsurvey/",
        editor  = "Ronald A. Cole",
        title       = "Summarization"
}

@INCOLLECTION{grefECAIbook,
        author =   "Gregory Grefenstette",
        booktitle          = "Extended Finite State Models of Language",
	publisher      = "Cambridge University Press",
	year           = 1998,
        editor  = "Andr{\'a}s Kornai",
        title       = "Light Parsing as Finite-State Filtering"
}

@INCOLLECTION{joshi61,
        author =   "Aravind K. Joshi",
        booktitle          = "Advances in Documentation and Library Science",
	publisher      = "Interscience Publishers",
	year           = 1961,
        volume = 3,
        number = 2,
        title       = "Computation of Syntactic Structure"
}

@INCOLLECTION{abney91,
        editor           = "Robert Berwick, Steven Abney and Carol Tenny",
        author =   "Steven Abney",
        booktitle          = "Principle-Based Parsing",
	publisher      = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
	year           = 1991,
	address        = "Dordrecht",
        title       = "Parsing By Chunks"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Fluhr90
  ,AUTHOR = "Christian Fluhr"
  ,TITLE = "Multilingual Information"
  ,YEAR = "1990"
  ,booktitle = "AI and Large-Scale Information"
  ,address = "Nagoya"
  ,year = 1990
  ,month = "Nov 14--16"  }

@INCOLLECTION{shopen90,
        editor           = "Timothy Shopen",
        author =   "Bernard Comrie and Sandra A. Thompson",
        booktitle          = "Language Typology and Syntactic Description",
	publisher      = "Cambridge University Press",
	year           = 1990,
        volume         = 3,
	address        = "Cambridge",
        title       = "Lexical Nominalization"
}

@UNPUBLISHED{lenat90,
	author		= "Doug Lenat",
	title		= "The {CYC} Project",
	note		= "Oral Presentation at Carnegie Mellon
				University",
	year		= 1990
}

@BOOK{sneath73,
	author         = "P. H. A. Sneath and R. R. Sokal",
	title          = "Numerical Taxonomy",
	publisher      = "W. H. Freeman",
	year           = 1973,
	address        = "San Francisco"
}
@BOOK{sowa90,
	author         = "J. F. Sowa",
	title          = "Principles of Semantic Networks",
	publisher      = "Morgan Kaufman",
	year           = 1990,
	address        = "San Mateo, CA"
}

  
@book{EMIR94,
        author = "{EMIR Consortium}",
        title = "Final Report of the {EMIR} Project Number 5312",
        year = {1994},
        month = "October",
        address = "Brussels",
        Organization = {For the Commission of the European Union}
}
@book{eurotra91,
        author = "C. Devilliers and L. D. Burnard and S. M. Hockey and
                  G. Gibeaux",
        title = "{EUROTRA-6/3} Text handling Design Study: Final Report",
        publisher = {Sema Group Belgium},
        year = {1991},
        month = "July",
        address = "Bruxelles",
        Organization = {For the Commission of the European Communities}
}
  
@report{decidewp4,
        author = "Gregory Grefenstette and Maximilian Schulze",
        title = "Designing and Evaluating Extraction Tools for Collocations in
Dictionaries and Corpora.  Deliverable D-3a: Prototype tools for extracting collocations from
  corpora",
        publisher = "{MLAP} Project 93-19",
        year = 1995,
        Organization = {For the Commission of the European Communities}
}

@report{eagleswp4,
        author = "Simone Teufel and  Helmut Schmid and  Ulrich Heid
                  and  Anne Schiller",
        title = "Study of the relation between
                                 Tagsets and Taggers",
        number = "EAG--CLWG--TAGS/V",
        publisher = "European Commission DG XIII Linguistic Research
                  and Engineering",
        note = "ftp://ftp.ilc.pi.cnr.it/pub/eagles/lexicons/tags.ps",
        year = 1996,
        Organization = {ILC-CNR, Pisa}
}

@book{compass,
        author = "COMPASS",
        title = "Adapting Bilingual Dictionaries for online
                  Comprehension
Assistance",
        publisher = "{LRE} Project 62-080",
        year = 1995,
        Organization = {For the Commission of the European Communities}
}
@book{multext94,
        editor = "Henry Thompson",
        title = "{MULTEXT} WP2 Annotation Tools",
        publisher = "{LRE} Project 62--050",
        year = 1994,
        Organization = {For the Commission of the European Communities}
}

@BOOK{ullmann62,
	author         = "S. Ullmann",
	title          = "Semantics: An Introduction to the Science of Meaning",
	publisher      = "Blackwell",
	year           = 1962,
	note           = "Chapters 8 and 9",
	address        = "Oxford"
}

@BOOK{zipf65,
	author         = "G. K. Zipf",
	title          = "Human Behavior and the Principle of 
	Least Effort",
	publisher      = "Hafner",
	year           = 1965,
	address        = "New York"
}
 
@INPROCEEDINGS{paep93
  ,AUTHOR = "Andreas Paepcke"
  ,TITLE = "An Object-Oriented View Onto Public, Heterogeneous Text Databases"
  ,YEAR = "1993"
  ,booktitle = "Ninth Intl. Conf. on Data Engineering (1993)"
  ,entered-by = "Andreas Paepcke"
  ,keywords = "Dialog, schema integration, multidatabases"
  }
 
@INPROCEEDINGS{grefIPSM95
  ,AUTHOR = "Gregory Grefenstette"
  ,TITLE = "Low-Level Parsing applied to Technical Manuals"
  ,ADDRESS = "Limerick, Ireland"
  ,YEAR = "May 4--5, 1995"
  ,booktitle = "Proceedings of IPSM'95, Industrial parsing of
Software Manuals"
  }

@INPROCEEDINGS{grefEURALEX96
  ,AUTHOR = "Gregory Grefenstette and Ulrich Heid and Thierry Fontenelle"
  ,TITLE = "The {DECIDE} project: Multilingual Collocation Extraction"
  ,ADDRESS = "University of Gothenburg, Sweden"
  ,YEAR = "Aug 13-18, 1996"
  ,booktitle = "Seventh Euralex International Congress"
  }

@INPROCEEDINGS{grefEURALEX94
  ,AUTHOR = "Gregory Grefenstette"
  ,TITLE = "Corpus-Derived First, Second and Third-Order
Word Affinities"
  ,ADDRESS = "Amsterdam"
  ,YEAR = "Aug 3---Sept 3, 1994"
  ,booktitle = "Sixth Euralex International Congress"
  }

@INPROCEEDINGS{grefJADT95
  ,AUTHOR = "Gregory Grefenstette"
  ,TITLE = "Comparing Two Language Identification Schemes"
  ,ADDRESS = "Rome"
  ,YEAR = "Dec 11-13, 1995"
  ,booktitle = "Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on the
                  Statistical Analysis of Textual Data, JADT'95"
  }

% compiling Kiraz's rules into automata

@inproceedings{grimley-evans+kiraz+pullman:1996,
       author = "Edmund Grimley-Evans and George Anton Kiraz and
                Steven G. Pulman",
       title = "Compiling a partition-based two-level formalism",
       booktitle = "{COLING}'96",
       year = 1996,
       address = "Copenhagen",
       note = "cmp-lg/9605001"
}

@inproceedings{grimley-evans:1997,
       author = "Edmund Grimley-Evans",
       title = "Approximating Context-Free Grammars with a Finite-State
                Calculus",
       booktitle = "{ACL-EACL}'97",
       year = 1997,
       address = "Madrid, Spain",
       pages = "452--459",
       note = "cmp-lg/9711002"
}



@BOOK{lehrer74,
	author         = "Adrienne Lehrer",
	title          = "Semantic Fields and lexical structure",
	publisher      = "North Holland",
	year           = 1974,
	address        = "Amsterdam",
	annote 	  = "see also HL2-BK 412 L52w"
}

@inproceedings{riley89,
        author     	= "Michael D. Riley",
        title      	= "Some Applications of Tree-based Modelling
	 			to Speech and Language
                                Indexing",
        booktitle  	= "Proceedings of the DARPA Speech and 
				Natural Language Workshop",
        publisher  	= "Morgan Kaufmann",
	pages		= "339-352",
        year       	= 1989
}

 @inproceedings{humphrey89,
        author          = "T.L. Humphrey and F.-q. Zhou",
        title           = "Period Disambiguation Using a
                                Neural Network",
        booktitle       = "IJCNN : International Joint
				Conference on Neural 
                                Networks",
        address         = "Washington, D.C.",
        pages           = "606",
        year            = 1989
 }



@BOOK{sager81,
	author         = "Naomi Sager",
	title          = "Natural Language Information Processing",
	publisher      = "Addison--Wesley",
	year           = 1981,
	address        = "Reading, Mass."
}

@BOOK{quirk,
	author         = "Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum and
			  Geoffrey Leech and Jan Svartvik",
	title          = "A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language",
	publisher      = "Longman Group, Inc.",
	year           = 1985,
	address        = "New York"
}
@BOOK{NLP_LISP,
	author         = "Gerlad Gazdar and Chris Mellish",
	title          = "Natural Language Processing in {LISP}",
	publisher      = "Addison-Wesley",
	year           = 1989,
	address        = "Menlo Park",
	annote = "... resolving ambiguity in sentences requires an
 			understander to have a general knowledge of the world. (p.12)"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{hindleNP91,
	author		= "Donald Hindle and Mats Rooth",
	title		= "Structural Ambiguity and Lexical Relations",
	booktitle	= "Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the
			   Association for Computational Linguistics",
	year		= 1991,
	pages           = "229--236",
	annote = "[whether] the association revealed by textual
		distribution .. gives us the information needed to resolve the
		prepositional attachment (p.230)... It may not be necessary
		to resort to a complete semantics or to discourse
		models to resolve many pernicious cases of attachment ambiguity (p.236)"	
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{Lu95,
	author		= "X. A. Lu and R. B. Keefer",
	title		= "Query expanison/reduction and its impact on
                  information retrieval effectiveness",
	booktitle	= "The Thirs {Text REtrieval Conference}
			({TREC-3})",
	year		= 1995,
        pages           = "231--239",
	publisher	= "U.S. Government Printing Office",
	address		= "Washington",
	editor		= "Donna Harman",
	note		= "NIST Special Publication 500--225"
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{ConQuest,
	author		= "P. Nelson",
	title		= "Site report for the Text {Re}trieval 
		Conference",
	booktitle	= "The First {Text REtrieval Conference}
			({TREC-1})",
	year		= 1993,
	publisher	= "U.S. Government Printing Office",
	address		= "Washington",
	editor		= "Donna Harman",
	note		= "NIST Special Publication 500--207"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{clarit-trec,
	author		= "D. A. Evans and R. G. Lefferts and G.
	Grefenstette and S. Handerson and A. Archbold and W. R. Hersh",
	title		= "{CLARIT TREC} Design, Experiments, and Results",
	booktitle	= "The First {Text REtrieval Conference}
			({TREC-1})",
	year		= 1993,
	publisher	= "U.S. Government Printing Office",
	address		= "Washington",
	editor		= "Donna Harman",
	note		= "NIST Special Publication 500--207"

}

@INPROCEEDINGS{croft92,
	author		= "Bruce Croft",
	title		= "The University of Massachussetts {TIPSTER} Project",
	booktitle	= "The First {Text REtrieval Conference}
			({TREC-1})",
	year		= 1993,
	publisher	= "U.S. Government Printing Office",
	address		= "Washington",
	editor		= "Donna Harman",
	note		= "NIST Special Publication 500--207"

}


@BOOK{TREC,
	title	= "The First {Text REtrieval Conference}
			({TREC-1})",
	year		= 1993,
	publisher	= "U.S. Government Printing Office",
	address		= "Washington",
	editor		= "Donna Harman",
	note		= "NIST Special Publication 500--207"
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{whittemore90,
	author		= "Greg Whittemore and Kathleen Ferrara and Hans Bruner",
	title		= "Empirical study of predictive powers of simple attachments
				schemes for post-modifier prepositional phrases",
	booktitle	= "Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the
			   Association for Computational Linguistics",
	year		= 1990,
	pages           = "23--30"
}



@INPROCEEDINGS{brent91a,
	author		= "Michael R. Brent",
	title		= "Automatic Acquisition of Subcategorization
				Frames from Untagged, Free-Text
				Corpora",
	booktitle	= "Proceedings of the 29th Annual Meeting of the
			   Association for Computational Linguistics",
	year		= 1991
}

@INCOLLECTION{fourcolor,
	AUTHOR = "Thomas Tymoczko",
	TITLE = "The four-color problem and its philosophical
                 significance",
	BOOKTITLE = "Foundations of cognitive science: the essential
		readings",
	EDITOR = "Jay L. Garfield",
	PUBLISHER = "Paragon House",
	YEAR = 1990
	}

@INCOLLECTION{keithallen92,
	AUTHOR = "Keith Allen",
	TITLE = "Something that rhymes with Rich",
	BOOKTITLE = "Frames, Fields, and Contrasts",
	EDITOR = "Adrienne Lehrer and Eva Fedar Kittay",
	PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Earlbaum Associates",
	YEAR = 1992,
	PAGES = "355--374"
	}
	
@INCOLLECTION{chaffin,
	AUTHOR = "R. Chaffin and D. J. Herrmann",
	TITLE = "The nature of Semantic Relations: a comparison
		of two approaches",
	BOOKTITLE = "Relational Models of the Lexicon",
	EDITOR = "M. W. Evens",
	PUBLISHER = " Cambridge University press",
	YEAR = 1988,
	PAGES = "289--333"
	}
	
@INPROCEEDINGS{hobbs92,
	author		= "Jerry R. Hobbs and John Bear",
	title		= "Two Principles of Parse Performance",
	booktitle	= "{COLING}'90",
        address         = "Helsinki",
	pages		= "162--167",
	year		= 1990
}

	
@INPROCEEDINGS{sato90,
	author		= "S. Sato and M. Nagao",
	title		= "Towards memory-based translation",
	booktitle	= "{COLING}'90",
        address         = "Helsinki",
          editor = "H. Karlgren",
	pages		= "247--252",
	year		= 1990
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{fastus,
	author		= "Douglas E. Appelt and Jerry R. Hobbs and
		  John Bear and David Israel and Mabry Tyson",
	title		= "{FASTUS}: A finite-state processor for
		  Information Extraction from real-word text",
	booktitle	= "Proceedings {IJCAI} '93",
        month           = "August",
        address         = "Chambery, France",
	year		= 1993
}
		  
@inproceedings{guthrie90,
        author          = "Louise Guthrie and Brian M. Slator and Yorick
                                Wilks and Rebecca Bruce",
        title           = "Is there content in empty heads?",
        booktitle       =   "Proceedings of the Thirteenth International 
                                Conference on Computational Linguistics",
        address         = "Helsinki",
        pages           = "138--143",
        year            = 1990
}
	
@INPROCEEDINGS{yarowsky92,
	author		= "David Yarowsky",
	title		= "Word-Sense Disambiguation Using Statistical
				models of Roget's Thesaurus 
				Categories Trained on a large Corpus",
	booktitle	= "{COLING}'92",
        month           = "August 23--28",
        ADDRESS         = "Nantes, France",
	year		= 1992
}
	

	
@INPROCEEDINGS{brill92,
	author		= "Eric Brill",
	title		= "A Simple {Rule-Based} Part of Speech Tagger",
	booktitle	= "Proceedings of the Third conference on Applied
	                       Natural Language Processing",
        organization    = "ACL",
        address         = "Trento, Italy",	
	year		= 1992
}

@TECHREPORT{cycl4,
	AUTHOR = "D. B. Lenat and R. V. Guha and D. Pratt and
		K. Pittman and W. pratt and K. Goolsbey",
	TITLE = "The World according to Cyc, Part 4",
	INSTITUTION = "Microelectronics and Computer Technology
		Corporation",
	ADDRESS = "Austin, TX",
	YEAR = "1991",
	MONTH = "January",
	NUMBER = "ACT-CYC-002-91"
	}

@INPROCEEDINGS{cavnar93,
	AUTHOR = "William B. Cavnar and John M. Trenkle",
	TITLE = "N-Gram-Based Text Categorization",
        BOOKTITLE = "1994 Symposium On Document 
              Analysis and Information Retrieval",
        PAGES = "161--176",
        ADDRESS = "University of Nevada, 
              Las Vegas",
	YEAR = "1994"
	}



@article{frank+satta:1998,
        author = "Robert Frank and Giorgio Satta",
        title =  "Optimality Theory and the Generative
                  Complexity of Constraint Violability",
        journal =  "Computational Linguistics",
        volume = 24,
        number = 2,
        pages = "307--316",
        year = 1998 
}



@ARTICLE{ingle76,
	AUTHOR = "Norman C. Ingle",
	TITLE = "A Language Identification Table",
        JOURNAL = "The Incorporated Linguist",
        PAGES = "98--101",
        VOLUME = 15,
        NUMBER = 4,
	YEAR = "1976"
	}
 
@Article{Salton70,
  Author = "Gerard Salton",
  Title = "Automatic Processing of Foreign Language Documents",
  Journal = "Journal of the American Society for Information Science",
  Volume = 21,
  Pages = "187-194",
  Year = 1970 }
 

@INPROCEEDINGS{newman88,
	AUTHOR = "Patricia Newman",
	TITLE = "Foreign Language Identification: First step in the
                  Translation Process",
        BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 28th
                  Annual Conference of the American Translators Association",
        PAGES = "159--162",
	YEAR = "Oct 1987"
	}
@TECHREPORT{tr-fidditch,
	AUTHOR = "Donald Hindle",
	TITLE = "User manual for {Fidditch}",
	INSTITUTION = "Naval Research Laboratory",
	YEAR = "1983"	}
                  
                  
@INCOLLECTION{fidditch,
	AUTHOR = "Donald Hindle",
        TITLE = "A Parser for Text Corpora",
        BOOKTITLE = "Computational Approaches to the Lexicon",
        EDITOR = "B.T.S. Atkins and A. Zampolli",
        PUBLISHER = "Clarendon Press",
        CITY = "Oxford",
        YEAR= 1993
	}

@ARTICLE{pbrown90,
	AUTHOR = "Peter F. Brown and Vincent J. {Della Pietra} and
		Petere V. {deSouza} and Jenifer C. Lai and Robert L. Mercer",
	TITLE = "Class-based n-gram models of natural language",
	JOURNAL = "Computational Linguistics",
	NUMBER = 4,
	VOLUME = 18,
	YEAR = 1992,
	PAGES = "467--479"
	}

@article{Brown-et-al-1990,
  author       = "Peter F. Brown and John Cocke and Stephen A. Della Pietra and
                  Vincent J. Della Pietra and Fredrick Jelinek and Robert L. Mercer
                  and Paul S. Roossin",
  title        = "A Statistical Approach to Language Translation",
  journal      = compling,
  volume       = "16",
  number       = "2",
  pages        = "79-85",
  year         = 1990,
  note         = ""
}

@TECHREPORT{mallon:1999,
         AUTHOR = "Mick Mallon",
         TITLE  = "Inuktitut Linguistics for Technocrats",
         INSTITUTION = "Ittukuluuk Language Programs",
         ADDRESS = "Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada",
         YEAR = "1999"
} 


@ARTICLE{mohri:1997,
	AUTHOR = "Mehryar Mohri",
	TITLE = "Finite-State Transducers in Language and Speech Processing",
	JOURNAL = "Computational Linguistics",
	NUMBER = 2,
	VOLUME = 23,
	pages = "269-311",
	YEAR = 1997
	}


@incollection{mohri+pereira+riley:1998,
        author = {Mehryar Mohri and Fernando C. N. Pereira and Michael Riley},
        title = {Rational Design for a Weighted Finite-State Transducer
                 Library},
        booktitle = {Automata Implementation},
        editor = {Derick Wood and Sheng Yu},
        series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
        volume = 1436,
        year = 1998,
        publisher = {Springer Verlag},
        address = {Berlin, Germany}
}



@INPROCEEDINGS{mohri+sproat:1996,
        AUTHOR = {Mehryar Mohri and Richard Sproat},
        TITLE  = "An Efficient Compiler for Weighted Rewrite Rules",
	BOOKTITLE = "{ACL}'96",
        YEAR = "1996",
        ADDRESS = "Santa Cruz, CA"
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{brown-acl-91,
        AUTHOR = "P. Brown and J. Lai and R. Mercer",
        TITLE  = "Aligning Sentences in Parallel Corpora",
        ORGANIZATION = "ACL",
	BOOKTITLE = "29th Annual Meeting of the Association
		for Computational Linguistics",
        YEAR = "1991",
        ADDRESS = "Berkeley, CA",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{kupiec93,
        AUTHOR = "Julian Kupiec",
        TITLE  = "An algorithm for finding noun-phrase correspondences
in bilingual text corpora",
        ORGANIZATION = "ACL",
	BOOKTITLE = "31st Annual Meeting of the Association
		for Computational Linguistics",
        YEAR = "1993",
        ADDRESS = "Columbus, OH",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@TECHREPORT{KupiecWilkens,
        AUTHOR = "Julian Kupiec and Mike Wilkens",
        TITLE  = "The {DDS} Tagger Guide Version 1.1",
        INSTITUTION = "Xerox Palo Alto Research Center",
        YEAR = "1994",
        ANNOTE = "" }
                  
@BOOK{taber,
	TITLE = "Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary",
	EDITOR = "Clayton L. Thomas",
	YEAR = 1985,
	PUBLISHER = "F. A. Davis Company",
	ADDRESS = "Philadelphia"
	}
 
@InProceedings{Davis96,
  Author = "Mark Davis",
  Title = "New Experiments in Cross-Language Text Retrieval at 
                {NMSU's} Computing Research Lab",
  Booktitle = "The 5th Text Retrieval Conference {(TREC-5)}",
  Year = 1997,
  Note = "To appear"}
 

@BOOK{smith,
	TITLE = "Computers and human language",
	AUTHOR = "G. W. Smith",
	YEAR = 1991,
	PUBLISHER = "Oxford University press",
	ADDRESS = "New York"
	}

@techreport{prince+smolensky:1993,
        author = "Allan Prince and Paul Smolensky",
        title = "{O}ptimality {T}heory: Constraint Interaction in Generative
                 Grammar",
        year = 1993,
        institution = "Rutgers University",
        address = "Piscataway, NJ",
        note = "RuCCS Technical Report 2. Rutgers Center for Cognitive Science"
}


@INCOLLECTION{melchuk,
        AUTHOR = "Y. D. Apresyan and I. A. {Mel'cuk} and A. K. Zolkovsky",
        TITLE = "Semantics and lexicography, toward a new type
		of unilingual dictionary",
        BOOKTITLE = "Studies in Syntax and Semantics",
        PAGES = "1--33",
        EDITOR = "F. Kiefer",
        YEAR = 1970,
        PUBLISHER = "Reidel",
        ADDRESS = "Dordrecht"
        }


@ARTICLE{attar,
	AUTHOR = "R. Attar and A. S. Fraenkel",
	TITLE = "Experiments in local metrical feedback in full-text 
		retrieval systems",
	YEAR = 1981,
	JOURNAL = "Information Processing \& Management",
	PAGES = "115--126",
	VOLUME = 17
	}

@MISC{ksjRIAO,
	AUTHOR = "K. {Sparck Jones}",
	TITLE = "Keynote Address",
        YEAR = "1988",
        ADDRESS = "MIT,Cambridge,Mass",
        MONTH  = "Mar",
        ORGANIZATION =  "RIAO'88 Conference"	
	}

@ARTICLE{saracevic,
        AUTHOR = "T. Saracevic",
        TITLE  = "Relevance: a review of and a framework
		for thinking on the notions of relevance
	in Information Science",
        JOURNAL = "JASIS",
        YEAR = 1975,
        VOLUME = 26,
        NUMBER = 6,
        PAGES  = "321--343",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@ARTICLE{hulljasis95,
        AUTHOR = "David A. Hull",
        TITLE  = "Stemming Algorithms: A Case Study for Detailed Evaluation",
        JOURNAL = "JASIS",
        YEAR = "1996",
        Month = "January",
        VOLUME = 47,
        Number = 1,
        NOTE = "Special Issue on the Evaluation of Information
                  Retrieval Systems",
        ANNOTE = "" }


@Article{Yu75,
title={A Formal Construction of Term Classes},
author={Clement T. Yu},
area={Information Retrieval},
pages={17--37},
journal=jacm,
month=jan,
year=1975,
volume=22,
number=1,
keywords={term classification, automatic thesaurus construction,
computational complexity, document retrieval, correlation,
pseudoclassification, heuristic methods},
cr64-categories={3.71, 3.75, 5.25, 5.26}
}

@ARTICLE{yu,
        AUTHOR = "C. T. Yu and V. V. Raghavan",
        TITLE  = "Single-Pass Method for Determining the
		Semantic Relationships between Terms",
        JOURNAL = "JASIS",
        YEAR = 1977,
        VOLUME = 26,
        NUMBER = 11,
        PAGES  = "345--354",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@ARTICLE{gore,
        AUTHOR = "Albert Gore",
        TITLE  = "The {Tekkie} on the {Ticket}",
        JOURNAL = "Washington Post",
        YEAR = 1992,
        VOLUME = "October 18, 1992. H",
	NOTE = "Interview Excerpt",
        PAGES  = "1",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@ARTICLE{scisor,
        AUTHOR = "Paul Jacobs and Lisa Rau",
        TITLE  = "{SCISOR}: Extracting information from
		on-line news",
        JOURNAL = "Communications of the ACM",
        YEAR = 1990,
        VOLUME = 33,
        NUMBER = 11,
        PAGES  = "88--97",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{lewis90,
	AUTHOR = "D. D. Lewis and W. B. Croft",
	TITLE = "Term Clustering of Syntactic Phrases",
	BOOKTITLE = "13th International Conference on Research
                        and Development in Information Retrieval" ,
        EDITOR = "J.L Vidick",
        PUBLISHER = "Association for Computing Machinery",
        ORGANIZATION = "SIGIR'90" ,
        YEAR = "1990",
        ADDRESS = "New York",
        PAGES = "385--404",
        MONTH  = "September 5-7"
        }

@ARTICLE{croft,
        AUTHOR = "W. B. Croft and R. H. Thompson",
        TITLE = "{I3R}: A New Approach to the Design of
		Document Retrieval Systems",
        JOURNAL = "JASIS",
        VOLUME = 38,
	NUMER = 6,
        PAGES = "389--404",
        YEAR = 1987
        }

@ARTICLE{oddy,
	AUTHOR = "R. N. Oddy",
        TITLE = "Information retrieval through man-machine dialogue",
        JOURNAL = "Journal of Documentation",
        VOLUME = 33,
        PAGES = "1--14",
        YEAR = 1977
        }


@article{oflazer:1996,
        title = "Error-tolerant Finite State Recognition with
                 Applications to Morphological Analysis and
                 Spelling Correction",
        author = "Kemal Oflazer",
        journal = "Computational Linguistics",
        year = 1996,
        volume = 22,
        number = 1
}


@inproceedings{oflazer+turk:1998,
        title =  "Tagging English by Path Voting Constraints",
        author = "Kemal Oflazer and G{\"o}khan T{\"u}rk",
        booktitle = "{COLING/ACL}'98",
        year = 1998,
        address = "Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec"
}

@inproceedings{oflazer:1999,
        title = "Dependency Parsing with an Extended Finite State Approach",
        author = "Kemal Oflazer",
        booktitle = "{ACL}'99",
        year = 1998,
        address = "Maryland"
}

@ARTICLE{borkowski,
        AUTHOR = "C. Borkowski",
        TITLE = "An Experimental System for the Automatic 
		Identification of Personal Names
		and Personal Titles in
		Newspaper Texts",
        JOURNAL = "American Documentation",
        VOLUME = 18,
	MONTH = "July",
        PAGES = "131",
        YEAR = 1967
        }


@ARTICLE{rath61,
        AUTHOR = "G. J. Rath and A. Resnick and R. Savage",
        TITLE = "The formation of abstracts by the selection of
      sentences: Part 1: sentence selection by man and machines",	
        JOURNAL = "American Documentation",
        VOLUME = 12,
        NUMBER = 2,
        PAGES = "139--141",
        YEAR = 1961
        }

@ARTICLE{treu68,
        AUTHOR = "S. Treu",
	TITLE = "The Browser's Retrieval Game",
        JOURNAL = "American Documentation",
        VOLUME = 19,
	NUMBER = 4,
        PAGES = "404--410",
        YEAR = 1968
        }

@ARTICLE{schamber,
        AUTHOR = "L. Schamber and M. B. Eisenberg and M. S. Nilan",
        JOURNAL = "Information Processing \& Management",
	TITLE = "A Re-examination of Relevance: Toward a dynamic,
		situational definition",
        VOLUME = 26,
	NUMBER = 6,
        PAGES = "755--776",
        YEAR = 1990
        }


@ARTICLE{mycin,
        AUTHOR = "E. H. Shortliffe and B. G. Buchanan and E. A. Feigenbaum",
        TITLE = "Knowledge Engineering for Medical
		Decision Making:  A Review of Computer-based
		Clinical Decision Aids",
        JOURNAL = "Proceedings of the {IEEE}",
	VOLUME = 67,
	PAGES = "1207--1224",
        YEAR = 1979
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{classic,
	AUTHOR = "R. J. Brachman and A. Borgida and D. L. McGuinness and
		L. A. Resnick",
	TITLE = "The {CLASSIC} Knowledge Representation System 
			or {KL-ONE} : the Next Generation",
        BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Eleventh International Joint
                Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
        PUBLISHER = "IJCAI",
        ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA",
        YEAR = 1989
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{milstead90,
	AUTHOR = "Jessica Milstead",
	TITLE = "Thesaurus Software Packages",
        BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 
	     53rd Annual Meeting of the American
	     Society for Information Science",
        PUBLISHER = "ASIS",
        ADDRESS = "Toronto, Canada",
        YEAR = 1990
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{jacobs,
        AUTHOR = "P. S. Jacobs and U. Zernik",
        TITLE = "Acquiring lexical knowledge from text: A case study",
        BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Seventh National 
                Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
        PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann",
        ADDRESS = "St. Paul, MN",
	PAGES = "739--744",
        YEAR = 1988
        }

	

@BOOK{eco,
        AUTHOR = "Umberto Eco",
        TITLE = "Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language",
        YEAR = 1984,
        PUBLISHER = "Indiana University Press",
        ADDRESS = "Bloomington",
        NOTE = ""
        }




@BOOK{chomsky57,
	AUTHOR = "N. Chomsky",
	TITLE = "Syntactic Structures",
	YEAR = 1957,
	ADDRESS = "Gravenhage, Netherlands",
	PUBLISHER = "Mouton"
	}

@BOOK{FSLP97,
	EDITOR = "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
	TITLE = "Finite-State Language Processing",
	YEAR = 1997,
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, Massachusetts",
	PUBLISHER = "MIT Press"
	}
	
@INCOLLECTION{roche+schabes:1997,
        AUTHOR = "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
	TITLE = "Introduction",
        BOOKTITLE = "Finite-State Language Processing",
        PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
        YEAR = "1997",
        ADDRESS = "Cambridge, Massachusetts",
        chapter = 1,
        PAGES = "1--65",
        ANNOTE = " "
        }	
	
@INCOLLECTION{roche+schabes:1997a,
	AUTHOR = "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
	TITLE = "Deterministic Part-of-Speech Tagging with
                 Finite-State Transducers",
	EDITOR = "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
	BOOKTITLE = "Finite-State Language Processing",
        PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, Massachusetts",
	CHAPTER = 7,
        PAGES = "205--239",
	YEAR = 1997
	}	

@ARTICLE{ibm-mt,
	AUTHOR = "I.B.M.",
	TITLE = "Final Report on Computer Set {AN/GSQ-16 (XW-1)}",
	JOURNAL = "I.B.M. Research",
	ADDRESS = "Yorktown Heights, New York",
	NOTE = "Cited in Sparck Jones, 1986",
	YEAR = 1959
	}

@INPROCEEDINGS{umls,
        AUTHOR = "B. L. Humphreys and D. A. B. Lindberg",
        TITLE = "Building the unified medical language system",
        BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Symposium
                on Computer Applications in Medical Care",
        PUBLISHER = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
        YEAR = "1989",
        ADDRESS = "Washington, DC",
        PAGES = "475--480",
        ANNOTE = " "
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{evans-med,
        AUTHOR = "D. A. Evans",
        TITLE = "Pragmatically structured, lexical-semantic knowledge
		bases for unified medical language systems",
        BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Symposium
                on Computer Applications in Medical Care",
        EDITOR = "R. A. Greene",
        PUBLISHER = "IEEE Computer Society Press",
        YEAR = "1988",
        ADDRESS = "Washington, DC",
        PAGES = "169--173",
        ANNOTE = " "
        }

@ARTICLE{medline,
        AUTHOR = "A. Booth",
        TITLE = "How consistent is {MEDLINE} indexing",
        JOURNAL = "Health libraries review",
        VOLUME = 7,
	NUMBER = 1,
        YEAR = 1990,
        PAGES = "22--27"
        }


@book{nunberg90,       
        author          = {Geoffrey Nunberg},
        title           = "The Linguistics of Punctuation",
        publisher       = "Center for the Study of Language and
                                Information",
        address         = "Stanford, CA",
        series          = "C.S.L.I. Lecture Notes, Number 19",
        year            = 1990
     }
 

@ARTICLE{muller80,
	AUTHOR = "H. M{\"u}ller and V. Amerl and G. Natalis",
	TITLE = "Worterkennungsverfahren als {Grundlage} einer
                {Universalmethode} zur automatischen {Segmentierung} von
		  {Texten}
              in {S{\"a}tze}. {Ein Verfahren} zur maschinellen
          {Satzgrenzendestimmung} im {Englischen}",
	JOURNAL = "Sprache und Datenverarbeitung",
	VOLUME = 1,
	YEAR = 1980
	}

@INPROCEEDINGS{spitz94,
         AUTHOR = "A. Lawrence Spitz",
         TITLE = "Using Character Shape Codes for Word-Spotting in
               Document Images",
         BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of Syntactic and Structural
                Pattern Recognition", 
         YEAR = 1994
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{sibun94,
         AUTHOR = "Penelope Sibun and A. Lawrence Spitz",
         TITLE = "Language Determination: Natural Language Processing
                     from Scanned Document Images",
         BOOKTITLE = "ANLP'4",
         ADDRESS="Stuttgart",
         PAGES = "15--21", 
         YEAR = 1994
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{aitchanod97,
         AUTHOR = "Salah A{\"{\i}}t-Mokhtar and Jean-Pierre Chanod",
         TITLE = "Incremental Finite-State Parsing",
         BOOKTITLE = "ANLP'97",
         ADDRESS="Washington",
         PAGES = "72--79", 
         YEAR = 1997,
         ANNOTE = "http://www.rxrc.xerox.com/publis/mltt/mltt-97-01.ps"
}

@PHDTHESIS{fluhr73,
	AUTHOR = "C. Fluhr",
	TITLE = "Systeme de dictionnaire. 
          Optimisation, microsyntaxe, derivation",
	SCHOOL = "Universite de Paris XI",
	YEAR = 1973,
        MONTH = "March",
        NOTE = "Third Cycle (in French)"
	}

@PHDTHESIS{kilgarriff92,
	AUTHOR = "Adam Kilgarriff",
	TITLE = "Polysemy",
	SCHOOL = "University of Sussex",
	YEAR = 1992,
        NOTE = "ftp://ftp.cogs.susx.ac.uk/pub/reports/csrp/csrp261.ps.Z"
	}

@ARTICLE{SPIRIT,
	AUTHOR = "F. Debili and C. Fluhr and P. Radasao",
	TITLE = "About Reformulation in Full-Text IRS",
	JOURNAL = "Information Processing and Management",
	VOLUME = 25,
	YEAR = 1989,
	PAGES = "647--657"
	}
	
@ARTICLE{crouch,
	TITLE = "An Approach to the Automatic Construction
		of Global Thesauri",
	AUTHOR = "C. J. Crouch",
	JOURNAL = "Information Processing and Management",
        YEAR = 1990,
        VOLUME = 26,
        NUMBER = 5,
        PAGES  = "629--640"
	}

	
@BOOK{longman,
	EDITOR = "P. Proctor",
	TITLE = "Longman Dictionary of
		Contemporary English",
	YEAR = "1978",
	ADDRESS = "London",
	PUBLISHER = "Longman",
	ANNOTE = "Machine readable dictionary,  using restricted
		vocabulary, and standardized entry structures"
	}

@INPROCEEDINGS{korfhage,
	AUTHOR = "Robert R. Korfhage",
	TITLE = "To See or Not to See: Is That the Query?",
        BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 14th Annual International 
		ACM/SIGIR Conference on Research
                        and Development in Information Retrieval" ,
        EDITOR = "A. Bookstein and Y. Chiaramella and G. Salton and
		V. V. Raghavan",
        PUBLISHER = "Association for Computing Machinery",
        ORGANIZATION = "SIGIR'91" ,
	NOTE = "Special issue of the SIGIR Forum",
        YEAR = "1991",
	MONTH = "Oct 13-16",
        ADDRESS = "New York",
	PAGES = "134--141",
	ANNOTE = " Presents a flexible visual presentation of
		the relations between words in a textual database.
		Users may place terms on a plane,  and representations
		of pertinent documents are placed between the terms
		in function of term weightings in the texts"
	}
@INPROCEEDINGS{cleverdon,
	AUTHOR = "Cyril W. Cleverdon",
	TITLE = "The Significance of the Cranfield Tests on Index Languages",
        BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the 14th Annual International 
		ACM/SIGIR Conference on Research
                        and Development in Information Retrieval" ,
        EDITOR = "A. Bookstein and Y. Chiaramella and G. Salton and
		V. V. Raghavan",
        PUBLISHER = "Association for Computing Machinery",
        ORGANIZATION = "SIGIR'91" ,
	NOTE = "Special issue of the SIGIR Forum",
        YEAR = "1991",
	MONTH = "Oct 13-16",
        ADDRESS = "New York",
	PAGES = "3--131"
	}

@inproceedings{kupiec95,
        author          = "Julian Kupiec and Jan Pedersen and Francine Chen",
        title           = "A Trainable Document Summarizer",
        booktitle       = "Proceedings of the 18th Annual
                                International {ACM/SIGIR} Conference",
        pages           = "68-73",
        address         = "Seattle, WA",
        year            = 1995
}
 

@TECHREPORT{claritproject,
	AUTHOR = "David A. Evans and  Steve K. Handerson and  Robert G.
		Lefferts and Ira A. Monarch",
	TITLE = "A Summary of the {CLARIT} project",
	MONTH = "November",
	YEAR = 1991,
	NUMBER = "CMU-LCL-91-2",
	INSTITUTION = "Laboratory for Computational Linguistics,
		Carnegie-Mellon University",
	ANNOTE = "presentation of pertinent noun-phrase
		extraction from a corpus, and use in indexing
		and retrieval. A fuzzy matching between noun-phrases
		avoids drawbacks of previous noun-phrase systems"
	}

@ARTICLE{saltonwarning,
        AUTHOR = "G. Salton",
        TITLE  = "Comment on ``Query Expansion by the addition of clustered 
		terms for a document retrieval system''",
        JOURNAL = "Information Storage and Retrieval",
        YEAR = 1972,
        VOLUME = "8",
        PAGES  = 349,
        ANNOTE = "Cosine measures are sensitive to query length.
		Query expansion techniques must take this into
		account" }

@ARTICLE{robison70,
        AUTHOR = "Harold R. Robison",
        TITLE  = "Computer--Detectable Semantic Structures",
        JOURNAL = "Information Storage and Retrieval",
        YEAR = 1970,
        VOLUME = 6,
        PAGES  = "273--288",
        ANNOTE = "40 000 semantic patterns for such as
		'associate' NP with NP were analyzed"
}

@ARTICLE{adamson74,
        AUTHOR = "G. Adamson and J. Boreham",
        TITLE  = "The Use of an Association Measure based on
		Character Structure to Identify Semantically Related 
		Pairs of Words",
        JOURNAL = "Information Storage and Retrieval",
        YEAR = 1974,
        VOLUME = 10,
        PAGES  = "253--260",
        ANNOTE = "Words are converted in bigrams and matched 
		using a DICE Measure"
}

@ARTICLE{minker,
        AUTHOR = "J. Minker and G. A. Wilson and B. H. Zimmerman",
        TITLE  = "Query Expansion by the addition of clustered terms
		for a document retrieval system",
        JOURNAL = "Information Storage and Retrieval",
        YEAR = 1972,
        VOLUME = "8",
        PAGES  = "329--348",
        ANNOTE = "Query expansion by clustering based on
		document co-occurrence did not improve retrieval" }

@ARTICLE{sievert91,
        TITLE = "Indexing consistency in Information Science Abstracts",
        AUTHOR  = "{Mary Ellen} C. Sievert and Mark J. Andrews",
        JOURNAL = "Journal of the American Society for Information
			Science",
        YEAR = 1991,
        VOLUME = "42",
	NUMBER = 1,
        PAGES  = "1--7",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@ARTICLE{peat,
        AUTHOR = "Helen J. Peat and Peter Willet",
        TITLE  = "The limitations of term co-occurrence data for
		query expansion in document retrieval systems",
        JOURNAL = "Journal of the American Society for Information
			Science",
        YEAR = 1991,
        VOLUME = "42",
	NUMBER = 5,
        PAGES  = "378--383",
        ANNOTE = "" }


@ARTICLE{smeaton,
        AUTHOR = "A. F. Smeaton and C. J. van Rijsbergen",
        TITLE  = "The retrieval effectiveness of query expansion
		on a feedback document retrieval system",
        JOURNAL = "Computer Journal",
        YEAR = 1983,
        VOLUME = "26",
        PAGES  = "239--246",
        ANNOTE = "" }


@INPROCEEDINGS{transmedia88,
        AUTHOR = "Y. Tanaka and H. Torii",
        BOOKTITLE = "RIAO'88 Conference Proceedings" ,
        TITLE  = "Transmedia Machine and its Keyword Search over Image Texts",
        YEAR = "1988",
        ADDRESS = "MIT,Cambridge,Mass",
        MONTH  = "Mar",
	PAGES = "247--258",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{choueka,
        AUTHOR = "Yaacov Choueka",
        BOOKTITLE = "RIAO'88 Conference Proceedings" ,
        TITLE  = "Looking for a Needle in a Haystack, or
		Locating Interesting Collocational Expressions
		in Large Textual Databases",
        YEAR = "1988",
        ADDRESS = "MIT,Cambridge,Mass",
        MONTH  = "Mar",
	PAGES = "609--623",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{holstege91,
        AUTHOR = "Mary Holstege and Yul J. Inn and Lance Tokuda",
        TITLE = "Visual Parsing: An Aid to Text Understanding",
        PAGES = "175--193",
	ADDRESS = "Barcelona",
        BOOKTITLE = "RIAO'91",
        PUBLISHER = "CID, Paris",
        MONTH = "April 2--5",
        YEAR = 1991
        }


@INPROCEEDINGS{evans,
        AUTHOR = "David A. Evans and K. Ginther-Webster and Mary Hart
		and R. G. Lefferts and Ira A. Monarch",
        TITLE = "Automatic Indexing Using Selective {NLP}
		and First-Order Thesauri",
        PAGES = "624--643",
	ADDRESS = "Barcelona",
        BOOKTITLE = "RIAO'91",
        PUBLISHER = "CID, Paris",
        MONTH = "April 2--5",
        YEAR = 1991
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{cutting91,
        AUTHOR = "D. R. Cutting and J Pedersen and P.-K. Halvorsen",
        TITLE = "An object-oriented architecture for text retrieval",
        PAGES = "285--298",
	ADDRESS = "Barcelona",
        BOOKTITLE = "RIAO'91",
        PUBLISHER = "CID, Paris",
        MONTH = "April 2--5",
        YEAR = 1991
        }


@INPROCEEDINGS{ruge,
        AUTHOR = "Gerda Ruge",
        TITLE = "Experiments on Linguistically Based Term Associations",
        PAGES = "528--545",
        BOOKTITLE = "RIAO'91",
	ADDRESS = "Barcelona",
        PUBLISHER = "CID, Paris",
        MONTH = "April 2--5",
        YEAR = 1991
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{saltonRIAO85,
	AUTHOR = "Gerard Salton",
	TITLE = "A Note on Information Retrieval Models",
	PAGES = "2--27",
	ADDRESS = "Grenoble, France",
	BOOKTITLE = "RIAO'85",
	PUBLISHER = "CID, Paris,  and IMAG",
	MONTH = "March 18-20",
	YEAR = 1985
	}	

@BOOK{frakes,
	EDITOR = "William B. Frakes and Ricardo Baeza--Yates",
	TITLE = "Information Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms",
	ADDRESS = "New Jersey",
	PUBLISHER = "Prentice Hall",
	YEAR = 1992
	}	

@INCOLLECTION{frakesstem,
	AUTHOR = "William B. Frakes",
	TITLE = "Stemming Algorithms",
	EDITOR = "William B. Frakes and Ricardo Baeza--Yates",
	BOOKTITLE = "Information Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms",
	ADDRESS = "New Jersey",
	CHAPTER = 8,
	PUBLISHER = "Prentice Hall",
	YEAR = 1992
	}	

@INCOLLECTION{wierzbicka,
	AUTHOR = "Anna Wierzbicka",
	TITLE = "Protypes Save",
	EDITOR = "S. L. Tsohatzidis",
	BOOKTITLE = "Meanings and Prototypes",
	ADDRESS = "London",
	CHAPTER = 17,
	PUBLISHER = "Routledge",
	YEAR = 1990
	}	

@INCOLLECTION{faloutsos,
	AUTHOR = "Christos Faloutsos",
	TITLE = "Thesaurus Construction",
	EDITOR = "William B. Frakes and Ricardo Baeza--Yates",
	BOOKTITLE = "Information Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms",
	ADDRESS = "New Jersey",
	CHAPTER = 4,
	PUBLISHER = "Prentice Hall",
	YEAR = 1992
	}	

@INCOLLECTION{srinivasan,
	AUTHOR = "Padmini Srinivasan",
	TITLE = "Thesaurus Construction",
	EDITOR = "William B. Frakes and Ricardo Baeza--Yates",
	BOOKTITLE = "Information Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms",
	ADDRESS = "New Jersey",
	CHAPTER = 9,
	PUBLISHER = "Prentice Hall",
	YEAR = 1992
	}	

@INCOLLECTION{frakes92,
	AUTHOR = "William B. Frakes",
	TITLE = "Introduction to Information Storage and Retrieval",
	EDITOR = "William B. Frakes and Ricardo Baeza--Yates",
	BOOKTITLE = "Information Retrieval: Data Structures and Algorithms",
	ADDRESS = "New Jersey",
	CHAPTER = 1,
	PUBLISHER = "Prentice Hall",
	YEAR = 1992
	}	

@BOOK{warren78,
	EDITOR = "Beatrice Warren",
	TITLE = "Semantic Patterns of Noun-Noun Compounds",
	ADDRESS = "Goteborg, Sweden",
	PUBLISHER = "Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis",
	NOTE = "Gothenburg Studies in English, 41",
	YEAR = 1978
	}	

@BOOK{levi78,
	EDITOR = "Judith N. Levi",
	TITLE = "The Syntax and Semantics of Complex Nominals",
	ADDRESS = "New York",
	PUBLISHER = "Academic Press",
	YEAR = 1978
	}	

@BOOK{salton,
	AUTHOR = "Gerard Salton and M. {McGill}",
	TITLE = "An Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval",
	ADDRESS = "New York",
	PUBLISHER = "{McGraw}-Hill",
	YEAR = 1983
	}	

@INCOLLECTION{lewis72,
        AUTHOR = "D. Lewis",
        TITLE = "General Semantics",
        BOOKTITLE = "Semantics of natural language",
        PAGES = "169--218",
        EDITOR = "Donald Davidson and Gilbert Harman",
        YEAR = "1972",
        PUBLISHER = "Reidel",
        ADDRESS = "Dordrecht"
        }

@INCOLLECTION{krovetz,
        AUTHOR = "R. Krovetz",
        TITLE = "Lexical Acquisition and information retrieval",
        BOOKTITLE = "Lexical Acquisition: exploiting on-line resources
		to build a lexicon",
        PAGES = "45--65",
        EDITOR = "U. Zernik",
        YEAR = "1991",
        PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates",
        ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, New Jersey"
        }

@BOOK{zernick91,
        TITLE =  "Lexical Acquisition: exploiting on-line resources
		to build a lexicon",
        EDITOR = "U. Zernik",
        YEAR = "1991",
        PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates",
        ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, New Jersey"
        }

@INCOLLECTION{church91,
	TITLE = "Using Statistics in Lexical Analysis",
	AUTHOR =  "K. Church and W. Gale and P. Hanks and D. Hindle",
        BOOKTITLE =  "Lexical Acquisition: exploiting on-line resources
		to build a lexicon",
        EDITOR = "U. Zernik",
        YEAR = "1991",
	PAGES = "115--164",
        PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum",
        ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, NJ"
        }

@INCOLLECTION{atkinslevin,
        AUTHOR = "Beryl Atkins and Beth Levin",
        TITLE = "Admitting Impediments",
        BOOKTITLE = "Lexical Acquisition: exploiting on-line resources
		to build a lexicon",
        PAGES = "233",
        EDITOR = "U. Zernik",
        YEAR = "1991",
        PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates",
        ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, New Jersey"
        }

@INCOLLECTION{frames,
	AUTHOR = "M. Minsky",
	TITLE = "A framework for representing knowledge",
	BOOKTITLE = "The Psychology of Computer Vision",
	PAGES = "211-277",
	EDITOR = "P. Winston",
	YEAR = "1975",
	PUBLISHER = "{McGraw-Hill}",
	ADDRESS = "New York"
	}

	
	
@ARTICLE{cyc,
	AUTHOR = "Doug Lenat and M. Prakash and K. Shepherd",
	TITLE = "{CYC}: using common sense knowledge to
		overcome brittleness and knowledge acquisition
		bottlenecks",
	JOURNAL = "{AI} Magazine",
	YEAR = 1986,
	VOLUME = 6,
	NUMBER = 4,
	PAGES = "65--92",
	ANNOTE = ""
	}

@book{grolier,
	author		= "Grolier",
	title 		= "Academic American Encyclopedia",
	publisher	= "Grolier Electronic Publishing",
	address		= "Danbury, Connecticut",
	year		= 1990
}

@ARTICLE{miller,
        AUTHOR = "George A. Miller and R. Beckwith and C. Fellbaum
		and D. Gross and K. J. Miller",
        TITLE  = "Introduction to {WordNet}: An on-line lexical
		database",
        JOURNAL = "Journal of Lexicography",
        VOLUME = 3,
        NUMBER = 4,
        PAGES = "235--244",
        YEAR = 1990,
        ANNOTE = "An attempt to organize lexical information in terms of
		word meanings,  rather than word forms"
        }

@ARTICLE{charlesmiller,
        AUTHOR = "Walter G. Charles and George A. Miller",
        TITLE  = "Contexts of antonymous adjectives",
        JOURNAL = "Applied Psycholinguistics",
	VOLUME = "10",
	NUMBER = "3",
	PAGES = "357--375",
	YEAR = "1989",
	ANNOTE = "Found that antonyms don't have same contexts
		when not in same sentence"
	}

@ARTICLE{lewis67,
        AUTHOR = "P. A. W. Lewis and P. B. Baxendale and J. L. Bennet",
        TITLE  = "Statistical Discrimination of the Synonymy/Antonymy
			Relationship between Words",
        JOURNAL = "Journal of the ACM",
        YEAR = "1967",
        VOLUME = "14",
        NUMBER = "1",
        PAGES  = "20--44",
        MONTH  = "January",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@ARTICLE{katzfodor,
        AUTHOR = "J. J. Katz and J. A. Fodor",
        TITLE  = "The structure of semantic theory",
        JOURNAL = "Language",
        VOLUME = 39,
        PAGES = "170--210",
        YEAR = "1963"
        }

@ARTICLE{biber86,
        AUTHOR = "Douglas Biber",
        TITLE  = "Spoken and Written Textual Dimensions",
        JOURNAL = "Language",
        VOLUME = 62,
        PAGES = "384--414",
        YEAR = "1986"
        }

@ARTICLE{bolinger,
        AUTHOR = "D. Bolinger",
        TITLE  = "The Atomization of Meaning",
        JOURNAL = "Language",
        VOLUME = 41,
	NUMBER = 4,
        PAGES = "555--573",
        YEAR = 1965,
	ANNOTE = "Criticizes the Katz-Fodor semantic
		theory"
        }

@ARTICLE{deese,
        AUTHOR = "J. E. Deese",
        TITLE  = "The associative structure of 
                  some common English adjectives",
        JOURNAL = "Journal of Verbal 
	         Learning and Verbal Behavior",
        VOLUME = 3,
	NUMBER = 5,
        PAGES = "347--357",
        YEAR = 1964,
	ANNOTE = "Shows commonly associated adjectives are
	   usually antonyms"
        }

@ARTICLE{deese62,
        AUTHOR = "J. E. Deese",
        TITLE  = "On the structure of associative meaning",
        JOURNAL = "Psychology Review",
        VOLUME = 69,
        PAGES = "161-175",
        YEAR = 1962,
	ANNOTE = "Shows commonly associated adjectives are
	   usually antonyms,  and uncommon ones are syntagmatic
	   relations,  noun phrases"
        }

@INCOLLECTION{shrdlu,
	AUTHOR = "Terry Winograd",
        TITLE = " A Procedural Model of Language Understanding",
	BOOKTITLE = "Computer Models of Thought and Language",
	EDITOR = "R. C. Schank and K. M. Colby",
	ADDRESS = "San Francisco",
	YEAR =  1973,
	PUBLISHER = "Freeman",
	NOTE = ""
	}

@INCOLLECTION{riesbeck,
	AUTHOR = "Christopher K. Riesbeck",
        TITLE = "AN expectation-driven production system for natural
		language understanding",
	BOOKTITLE = "Pattern-directed Inference Systems",
	EDITOR = "Donald A. Waterman and Rick {Hayes-Roth}",
	ADDRESS = "New York",
	YEAR =  1978,
	PAGES = "399--414",
	PUBLISHER = "Academic Press",
	NOTE = ""
	}	

@INCOLLECTION{fillmore,
        AUTHOR = "C. Fillmore",
        TITLE = "The Case for Case",
        BOOKTITLE = "Universals in Linguistic Theory",
        EDITOR = "E. Bach and R. T. Harms",
        ADDRESS = "New York",
        YEAR =  1968,
        PUBLISHER = "Holt",
        NOTE = ""
        }

@BOOK{winograd,
	AUTHOR = "Terry Winograd",
	TITLE = "Understanding Natural Language",
	PUBLISHER = "Edinburgh University Press",
	ADDRESS = "Edinburgh",
	YEAR = 1972
	}

@BOOK{romesburg,
        AUTHOR = "H. Charles Romesburg",
        TITLE = "Cluster Analysis for Researchers",
        PUBLISHER = "Krieger Publishing Company",
        ADDRESS = "Malabar, Florida",
        YEAR = 1990
        }

@ARTICLE{wilks75,
	AUTHOR = "Yorick Wilks",
	TITLE = "An intelligent analyzer and understander of English",
	JOURNAL = "Communications of the ACM",
	VOLUME = 18,
	PAGES = "264--274",
	YEAR = 1975
	}

@ARTICLE{atn,
        AUTHOR = "W. A. Woods",
        TITLE = "Transition Network grammars for Natural Language
		Analysis",
        JOURNAL = "Communications of the ACM",
        VOLUME = 13,
        PAGES = "591--606",
        YEAR = 1970
        }

@MISC{lunar,
	AUTHOR = "W. A. Woods and R. M. Kaplan and B. Nash-Webber",
	TITLE = "The Lunar Sciences Language System",
	HOWPUBLISHED = "Final Report 2378",
	PUBLISHER = "Bolt, Beranek, and Newman",
	YEAR = 1972,
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA"
	}

@INCOLLECTION{kaplanbresnan82,
        AUTHOR = "R. M. Kaplan and J. Bresnan",
        EDITOR = "J. Bresnan",
        TITLE = "Lexical-Functional Grammar: A formal system for
grammatical representation",
        BOOKTITLE = "The Mental Representation of Grammatical
Relations",
	PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
        ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA",
	PAGES = "173--281",
        YEAR = 1982
        }

@INCOLLECTION{kaplanmaxwell91,
        AUTHOR = "J. T. Maxwell and R. M. Kaplan",
        EDITOR = "Masaru Tomita",
        TITLE = "A method for disjunctive constraint satisfaction",
        BOOKTITLE = "Current Issues in Parsing Technology",
	PUBLISHER = "Kluwer",
        ADDRESS = "Dordecht",
	PAGES = "173--190",
        YEAR = 1991
        }

@INCOLLECTION{kleene56,
        AUTHOR = "Stephen C. Kleene",
        EDITOR = "C. E. Shannon and J. McCarthy",
        TITLE = "Representation of events in nerve nets and 
        finite automata",
        BOOKTITLE = "Automata Studies",
	PUBLISHER = "Princeton University Press",
        YEAR = 1956
	}
	
@INCOLLECTION{lifer,
        AUTHOR = "G. G. Hendrix",
        TITLE = "Human Engineering for Applied Natural Language
		Processing",
        BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Fifth International Joint 
		Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
	PUBLISHER = "IJCAI",
        ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA",
	PAGES = "183--191",
        YEAR = 1977
        }

@MANUAL{intellect,
	KEY = "INTELLECT",
	TITLE = "The Intellect Query System",
	ORGANIZATION = "Artificial Intelligence Corporation",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA",
	YEAR = 1982,
	NOTE = "Reference manual"
}

@ARTICLE{KLONE,
        AUTHOR = "R. J. Brachman and J. Schmolze",
        TITLE = "An overview of the {KL-ONE} knowledge representation
		system",
	JOURNAL = "Cognitive Science",
        YEAR = 1985,
	PAGES = "346--370",
	VOLUME = 9
        }


@BOOK{lehnert,
	AUTHOR ="W. Lehnert",
	TITLE = "The process of question answering : a computer
		simulation of cognition",
	ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, N.J.",
	PUBLISHER = "Erlbaum",
	YEAR = 1978
	}

@INCOLLECTION{mops,
	AUTHOR = "R. C. Schank",
	TITLE = "Reminding and Memory Organization: An Introduction
		to {MOP}s",
	BOOKTITLE = "Strategies for Natural Language Processing",
	EDITOR = "W. Lehnert and M. Ringle",
	PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum",
	ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, NJ",
	YEAR = 1982
	}

@BOOK{scripts,
        AUTHOR = "R. C. Schank and R. P. Abelson",
        TITLE = "Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding",
        YEAR = 1977,
        PUBLISHER = "Erlbaum Associates",
        ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, NJ"
        }

@BOOK{mauldin,
        AUTHOR = "M. L. Mauldin",
        TITLE = "Conceptual Information Retrieval: A case study
		in adaptive parsing",
        YEAR = 1991,
        PUBLISHER = "Kluwer",
        ADDRESS = "Norwell, MA"
        }

@INCOLLECTION{frump,
        AUTHOR = "G. F. {DeJong}",
        TITLE = "An Overview of the {FRUMP} System",
        BOOKTITLE = "Strategies for Natural Language Processing",
        EDITOR = "W. Lehnert and M. Ringle",
        PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum",
        ADDRESS = "Hillsdale, NJ",
	PAGES = "149--176",
        YEAR = 1982
        }




@BOOK{schank,
	AUTHOR = "R. C. Schank",
	TITLE = "Conceptual Information Processing",
	YEAR = 1975,
	PUBLISHER = "North Holland",
	ADDRESS = "Amsterdam"
	}


@ARTICLE{furnas,
	AUTHOR = "George W.  Furnas and Tomas K. Landauer 
		and L.M. Gomez and Susan T. Dumais",
	TITLE  = "The Vocabulary Problem in Human-System Communication",
	JOURNAL = "Communications of the ACM",
	MONTH = "November",
	YEAR = 1987,
	PAGES = "964--971",
	VOLUME = 30,
	NUMBER = 11,
	ANNOTE = "Over a wide range of domains,  people
		will use the same term to describe the same
		object with a probability of $<$ 20\%"
	}

@ARTICLE{deerwester,
        AUTHOR = "Scott Deerwester and Susan T. Dumais and George W.
	Furnas and Tomas K. Landauer and Richard Harshman ",
        TITLE  = "Indexing by latent semantic indexing",
        JOURNAL = "Journal of the American Society for Information
		Science",
        VOLUME = "41",
        NUMBER = "6",
        PAGES = "391--407",
	MONTH = "October",
        YEAR = "1990"
        }

@ARTICLE{morris,
        AUTHOR = "J. Morris and G. Hirst",
        TITLE  = "Lexical Cohesion as Computed by Thesaural
		Relations as an Indicator of the Structure",
        JOURNAL = "Computational Linguistics",
        VOLUME = "17",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "March",
        YEAR = "1991",
        PAGES = "21--48",
        ANNOTE = ""
        }

@ARTICLE{smadja93,
        AUTHOR = "Frank Smadja",
        TITLE  = "Retrieving Collocations from Text: Xtract",
        JOURNAL = "Computational Linguistics",
        VOLUME = "19",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "March",
        YEAR = "1993",
        PAGES = "143--178",
        ANNOTE = ""
        }


@ARTICLE{justeson,
        AUTHOR = "John S. Justeson and Slava M. Katz",
        TITLE  = "Co-occurrences of Anonymous Adjectives
			and Their Contexts",
        JOURNAL = "Computational Linguistics",
        VOLUME = "17",
        NUMBER = "1",
	MONTH = "March",
	YEAR = "1991",
        PAGES = "1--19",
        ANNOTE = "Finds that antonyms occur frequently in
                same sentence"
        }

@ARTICLE{derose,
        AUTHOR = "Steven J. DeRose",
        TITLE  = "Grammatical Category Disambiguation by
			Statistical optimization",
        JOURNAL = "Computational Linguistics",
        VOLUME = "14",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "Winter",
        YEAR = "1988",
        PAGES = "31--39",
	ANNOTE = ""
        }


@ARTICLE{church,
        AUTHOR = "Kenneth Ward Church and Patrick Hanks",
        TITLE  = "Word Association Norms,  Mutual Information,
		and Lexicography",
        JOURNAL = "Computational Linguistics",
        VOLUME = "16",
        NUMBER = "1",
        MONTH = "March",
        YEAR = "1990",
        PAGES = "22--29"
        }


@INPROCEEDINGS{kwok,
        AUTHOR = "K. L. Kwok",
        BOOKTITLE = "Machine Learning: proceedings of the eighth
			International Workshop (ML91)",
        EDITOR = "Lawrence A. Birnbaum and Gregg C. Collins",
        TITLE  = "Query Learning Using {ANN} with Adaptive
			Architecture",
        PUBLISHER = "Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc.",
        YEAR = "1991",
        ADDRESS = "SanMateo, CA",
        PAGES = "260--264",
        MONTH  = "June"
        }

@inproceedings{calzolari90,
	author	  = "Nicoletta Calzolari and Remo Bindi",
	title	  = "Acquisition of Lexical Information from a Large
			Textual Italian Corpus",
	booktitle = "Proceedings of the Thirteenth International 
			Conference on Computational Linguistics",
	address	  = "Helsinki",
	year	  = 1990,
}

@INCOLLECTION{calzolari91,
        AUTHOR          = "Nicoletta Calzolari",
        TITLE           = "Acquiring and Representing Semantic
		  Information
                 in a Lexical Knowledge Base",
        BOOKTITLE       =  "Proceedings of the ACL SIGLEX Workshop on
		  Lexical Semantics and Knowledge Representation",
        EDITOR        = "J. Pustejovsky",
        MONTH           = "March",
        YEAR		= 1991
}

@BOOK{phillips85,
	AUTHOR = "Martin Phillips",
	TITLE = "Aspects of Text Structure: An investigation of the
        lexical organization of text",
	PUBLISHER = "Elsevier",
	ADDRESS = "Amsterdam",
	YEAR = "1985"
	}

@ARTICLE{dumais,
        AUTHOR = "Susan T. Dumais",
        TITLE = "Improving the retrieval of Information from External
                 Sources",
        JOURNAL = "Behavior Research Methods, Instruments \&
		  Computers",
        VOLUME = 23,
        NUMBER = 2,
        YEAR = "1991",
        PAGES = "229--236"
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{dumais92,
        AUTHOR = "Susan T. Dumais",
        TITLE = "{LSI} meets {TREC}: A Status Report",
	booktitle	= "The First {Text REtrieval Conference}
			({TREC-1})",
	year		= 1993,
	publisher	= "U.S. Government Printing Office",
	address		= "Washington",
	editor		= "Donna Harman",
	note		= "NIST Special Publication 500--207"
        }

@INCOLLECTION{hersh,
        AUTHOR = "W. R. Hersh and D. A. Evans and I. A. Monarch and 
		R. G. Lefferts and S. K. Handerson and P. N. Gorman",
        TITLE = "Indexing Effectiveness of Linguistic and Non-Linguistic
		Approaches to Automated indexing",
	EDITOR = "K. C. Lun and P. Degoulet and T. E. Piemme and O. Rienhoff",
        BOOKTITLE = "Medinfo 92",
        YEAR = "1992",
        ADDRESS = "Amsterdam",
	PUBLISHER = "Elsevier",
	PAGES = "1402--1408"
        }


@INCOLLECTION{hearst92,
        AUTHOR          = "Marti A. Hearst",
        TITLE           = "Automatic Acquisition of Hyponyms from
                                Large Text Corpora",
        BOOKTITLE       =  "Proceedings of the Fourteenth International
                        Conference on Computational Linguistics",
        PUBLISHER       = "{COLING}'92",
        ADDRESS         = "Nantes, France",
        MONTH           = "July",
        YEAR		= 1992
}
@inproceedings{hearst95d,
        author          = "Marti A. Hearst and David Karger and 
                                Jan O. Pedersen",
        title           = "Scatter/Gather as a Tool for the 
                                Navigation of Retrieval Results",
        booktitle       = "Working Notes of the AAAI Fall Symposium 
                                on AI Applications in Knowledge
                                Navigation and Retrieval",
        editor          = "Robin Burke",
        publisher       = "AAAI",
        month           =  "November",
        address         = "Cambridge, MA",
        year            = 1995
}
 
@inproceedings{Donaldson93,
        author          = {David D. Donaldson},
        title           = "Internal and External Evidence in the
                  Identification and Semantic Categorization of Proper
                  Names",
        booktitle       = "Proceedings of the SIGLEX Workshop on Acquisition
                                of Lexical Knowledge from Text",
        address         = "Columbus, OH",
        editor          = "B. Boguraev and J. Pustejovsky",
        pages           = "32-43",
        year            = 1993
}


@inproceedings{hearst93,
        author          = "Marti A. Hearst and Hinrich Sch{\"u}tze",
        title           = "Customizing a Lexicon to Better Suit a
                                Computational Task",
        booktitle       = "Proceedings of the SIGLEX Workshop on Acquisition
                                of Lexical Knowledge from Text",
        address         = "Columbus, OH",
        editor          = "B. Boguraev and J. Pustejovsky",
        pages           = "55-69",
        year            = 1993
}

@INCOLLECTION{grishman92,
        AUTHOR          = "Ralph Grishman and John Sterling",
        TITLE           = "Acquisition of Selectional Patterns",
        BOOKTITLE       =  "Proceedings of the Fourteenth International
                        Conference on Computational Linguistics",
        PUBLISHER       = "{COLING}'92",
        ADDRESS         = "Nantes, France",
        MONTH           = "July",
        PAGES	        = "658--664",
        YEAR		= 1992
}



@ARTICLE{fox80,
	AUTHOR = "E. A. Fox",
	TITLE = "Lexical Relations: Enhancing Effectiveness
		of Information Retrieval Systems",
	JOURNAL = "SIGIR Forum",
	PUBLISHER = "ACM",
	YEAR = 1980,
	VOLUME = 15,
	NUMBER = 3,
	PAGES = "6--36"
	}

@INCOLLECTION{vossen,
        AUTHOR = "P. Vossen and W. Meijs and M. {den Broeder}",
        BOOKTITLE = "Computational Lexicography for
                        Natural Language Processing",
        EDITOR = "Bran Boguraev and Ted Briscoe",
        TITLE  = "Meaning and Structure in Dictionary Definitions",
        PUBLISHER =  "Longman Group UK Limited",
        YEAR = "1989",
        ADDRESS = "London",
        PAGES = "171--190"
        }
@incollection{wilks92,
	author		= "Yorick Wilks and Louise Guthrie and
				Joe Guthrie and Jim Cowie",
	title		= "Combining Weak Methods in Large-Scale
				Text Processing",
	booktitle	= "Text-Based Intelligent Systems: Current
				Research and Practice in
			   Information Extraction and Retrieval",
	editor		= "Paul S. Jacobs",
	publisher	= "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates",
	pages		= "35-58",
	year		= 1992
}	

@article{wilks90,
	author		= "Yorick A. Wilks and Dan C. Fass and
Cheng-ming Guo and James E. McDonald and Tony Plate and Brian M. Slator",
	title		= "Providing Machine Tractable Dictionary Tools",
	journal		= "Journal of Machine Translation",
	volume		= 2,
	year		= 1990
}

@INCOLLECTION{wilksLDOCE,
        AUTHOR = "Yorick Wilks and D. Fass and C. Guo and 
		J. McDonald and T. Plate and B. Slator",
        BOOKTITLE = "Computational Lexicography for
			Natural Language Processing",
        EDITOR = "Bran Boguraev and Ted Briscoe",
        TITLE  = "A Tractable Machine Dictionary as a
		Resource for Computational Semantics",
        PUBLISHER =  "Longman Group UK Limited",
        YEAR = "1989",
        ADDRESS = "London",
        PAGES = "193--228"
        }


	
@BOOK{blois,
	AUTHOR = "Marsden S. Blois",
	TITLE = "Information and Medicine",
	PUBLISHER = " University of California Press",
	YEAR = "1984",
	ADDRESS = "Berkeley, CA"
	}
	
@PHDTHESIS{stangel,
        AUTHOR = "Peretz Shoval Stengel",
        TITLE = "An Expert consultation System for a Retrieval
		Data-base with a semantic network of concepts",
        SCHOOL = "University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Business
		Administration",
        YEAR = "1981",
        ANNOTE = ""
        }

@PHDTHESIS{debili,
        AUTHOR = "Fathi Debili",
        TITLE = "Analyse Syntaxico-Semantique Fondee sur une Acquisition
Automatique de Relations Lexicales-Semantiques",
        SCHOOL = "University of Paris XI, France",
        YEAR = "1982",
        ANNOTE = ""
        }

@BOOK{ksj64,
	AUTHOR = "Karen {Sparck Jones}",
	TITLE = "Synonymy and Semantic Classification",
	PUBLISHER = "Edinburgh University Press",
	ADDRESS = "Edinburgh",
	NOTE = " PhD thesis delivered by University of Cambridge in 1964",
	YEAR = "1986",
	ANNOTE = ""
	}

@BOOK{ksj71,
        AUTHOR = "Karen {Sparck Jones}",
        TITLE = "Automatic Keyword Classification and
		Information Retrieval",
        PUBLISHER = "Butterworths",
        ADDRESS = "London",
        YEAR = 1971,
        ANNOTE = ""
        }



@ARTICLE{sparckjones71,
        AUTHOR = "Karen {Sparck Jones} and E. O. Barber",
        TITLE = "What makes an Automatic Keyword Classification
Effective",
	JOURNAL = "JASIS",
	VOLUME = 22,
	NUMBER = 3,
	PAGES = "166--175",
	YEAR = 1971
}
	

@ARTICLE{ksjtait84,
        AUTHOR = "Karen {Sparck Jones} and J. I. Tait",
        TITLE = "Automatic Search Term Variant Generation",
	JOURNAL = "Journal of Documentation",
	VOLUME = 40,
	NUMBER = 1,
	PAGES = "50--67",
	YEAR = "March 1984"
}

@ARTICLE{ksj91,
        AUTHOR = "Karen {Sparck Jones}",
        TITLE = "Notes and References on Early Automatic 
		Classification Work",
	JOURNAL = "{SIGIR} Forum",
	MONTH = "Spring",
	VOLUME = 25,
	NUMBER = 1,
	YEAR = 1991,
	PAGES = "10--17"
	}

@ARTICLE{tanimoto,
	AUTHOR = "T. T. Tanimoto",
        TITLE  = "An Elementary Mathematical Theory of Classification",
        JOURNAL = "{I.B.M.} Research ",
        YEAR = "1958",
	ADDRESS = "Yorktown Heights, New York"
	}

@ARTICLE{kms,
	AUTHOR = "R.M. Akscyn and D.L. McCracken and E.A. Yoder",
	TITLE  = "``{KMS: A distributed hypermedia system
			for managing knowledge in
			organizations}''",
	JOURNAL = "Communications of the ACM", 
	YEAR = "1988", 
	VOLUME = "31",
	NUMBER = "7",
	PAGES  = "820",
	MONTH  = "Jul",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@BOOK{cheong96,
   author = "Fah-Chun Cheong",
   title = "Internet Agents: Spiders, Wanderers, Brokers and 'Bots",
   publisher = "New Riders Publishing",
   address = "Indianapolis",
   year = "1996"
}

@ARTICLE{blair,
        AUTHOR = "D.C. Blair and M.E. Maron",
        TITLE  = "An evaluation of retrieval effectiveness",
        JOURNAL = "Communications of the ACM",
        YEAR = "1985",
        VOLUME = "28",
        PAGES  = "289--299",
        ANNOTE = "" }


@INCOLLECTION{memex,
	AUTHOR = "V. Bush" ,
	TITLE = "Memex revisited",
	BOOKTITLE  = "Science Is Not Enough",
	PUBLISHER = "William Morrow",
	YEAR = "1967",
	PAGES = "75--101",
	ADDRESS  = "New York"
	}

@INCOLLECTION{montemagni93,
	AUTHOR = "Simonetta Montemagni" ,
	TITLE = "Structural Patterns versus String Patterns for
		  Extracting Semantic Information from Dictionaries",
	BOOKTITLE  = "Natural Language Processing: The {PLNLP} Approach",
	PUBLISHER = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
	YEAR = "1993",
	PAGES = "149--159",
	ADDRESS  = "Boston"
	}

@INCOLLECTION{chanodsegond93,
	AUTHOR = "Jean-Pierre Chanod and Simonetta
		  Montemagni and Frederique Segond" ,
	TITLE = "Dynamic Relaxation: Measuring Distance from Text",
	BOOKTITLE  = "First International Conference on Mathematical
		  Linguistics, ICML'93",
	PUBLISHER = "Elsevier",
	YEAR = "1993",
	ADDRESS  = "Barcelona, Spain",
        NOTE = "Current Issues in Mathematical Linguistics"
	}

@INCOLLECTION{chanod93,
	AUTHOR = "Jean-Pierre Chanod and Bettina Harriehausen and Simonetta Montemagni" ,
	TITLE = "A Two-Stage Algorithm to Parse Multi-Lingual Argument Structures",
	BOOKTITLE  = "Natural Language Processing: The {PLNLP} Approach",
	PUBLISHER = "Kluwer Academic Publishers",
	YEAR = "1993",
	PAGES = "215--226",
	ADDRESS  = "Boston"
	}

@ARTICLE{bush,
	AUTHOR = "V. Bush" ,
	TITLE = "As We May Think",
	JOURNAL = "Atlantic Monthly",
	YEAR = "1945",
	PAGES  = "101--108",
	MONTH  = "July"
		}


@ARTICLE{chang,
	AUTHOR = "S.K. Chang and M. Tauber and B. Yu and J.S. Yu",
	TITLE  = "``{A Visual Language Compiler}''",
	JOURNAL = "IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering",
	YEAR = "1989",
	PAGES  = "506--525",
	MONTH  = "May"
	}

@INPROCEEDINGS{chen,
	AUTHOR = "H. Chen and V. Dhar",
	BOOKTITLE = "13th International Conference on Research
			and Development in Information Retrieval" ,
	EDITOR = "J.L Vidick",
	TITLE  = "Online Query Refinement on Information Retrieval
			Systems: A process model of Searcher/system
			interactions",
	PUBLISHER = "Association for Computing Machinery",
	ORGANIZATION = "SIGIR'90" ,
	YEAR = "1990",
	ADDRESS = "New York",
	PAGES = "115--133",
	MONTH  = "September 5-7"
	}

@ARTICLE{gibson,
	AUTHOR = "Edward Gibson and Neal Pearlmutter",
	TITLE = "A Corpus-Based Analysis of Constraints on {PP} 
		Attachments to {NP}s",
	JOURNAL = "CMU Department of Philosophy",
	YEAR = 1993
	}


@INPROCEEDINGS{church94,
	AUTHOR = "Kenneth W. Church and William A. Gale and Jonathan
                  I. Helfman and David D. Lewis",
	BOOKTITLE = "{COLING}'94" ,
	TITLE  = "Fax: An alternative to {SGML}",
	YEAR = "1994",
	ADDRESS = "Kyoto, Japan",
	MONTH  = "Aug 5--9",
        PAGES = "525--529"
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{roche94,
	AUTHOR = "Emmanuel Roche",
	BOOKTITLE = "{COLING}'94" ,
	TITLE  = "Two Parsing Algorithms by Means of Finite-State Transducers",
	YEAR = "1994",
	ADDRESS = "Kyoto, Japan",
	MONTH  = "Aug 5--9",
        PAGES = "431--435"
}


@INPROCEEDINGS{karlgren94,
	AUTHOR = "Jussi Karlgren and Douglass Cutting",
	BOOKTITLE = "{COLING}'94" ,
	TITLE  = "Recognizing Text Genres with Simple Metrics Using 
            Discriminant Analysis",
	YEAR = "1994",
	ADDRESS = "Kyoto, Japan",
	MONTH  = "Aug 5--9",
        PAGES = "1071--1075"
}
@INPROCEEDINGS{debcoling,
	AUTHOR = "Fathi Debili and Elyes Sammouda and Adnan Zribi",
	BOOKTITLE = "{COLING}'94" ,
	TITLE  = "Using Syntactic Dependencies for Word Alignment",
	YEAR = "1994",
	ADDRESS = "Kyoto, Japan",
	MONTH  = "Aug 5--9",
        NOTE = "Submitted"
}

@TECHREPORT{chanodcoling94,
	AUTHOR = "Jean-Pierre Chanod",
	TITLE  = "Finite State Composition of French Verb Morphology",
	YEAR = "1994",
        NUMBER = "MLTT-005",
        INSTITUTION = "Rank Xerox Research Centre",
	ADDRESS = "Meylan, France",
	MONTH  = "April",
        NOTE = "http://www.rxrc.xerox.com/publis/mltt/mltt-005.ps"
	}
                       
@TECHREPORT{chanodfsg96b,
	AUTHOR = "Jean-Pierre Chanod",
	TITLE  = "A Lexical Interface for Finite-State Syntax",
	YEAR = "1996",
        INSTITUTION = "Rank Xerox Research Centre",
	ADDRESS = "Meylan, France",
	MONTH  = "January",
        NOTE = ""
	}
                        
@INPROCEEDINGS{schillerMLT96,
	AUTHOR = "Anne Schiller",
	TITLE  = "Multilingual Part-of-Speech Tagging and Noun Phrase Mark-up",
	YEAR = "1996",
        BOOKTITLE = "15th European Conference on Grammar and Lexicon of Romance Languages",
	ADDRESS = "University of Munich",
	MONTH  = "Sept 19--21",
        NOTE = ""
	}
                  
@TECHREPORT{chanodfsg96,
	AUTHOR = "Jean-Pierre Chanod",
	TITLE  = "Rules and Constraints in a French Finite-State Grammar",
	YEAR = "1996",
        INSTITUTION = "Rank Xerox Research Centre",
	ADDRESS = "Meylan, France",
	MONTH  = "January",
        NOTE = ""
	}

@TECHREPORT{segondpasi95,
	AUTHOR = "Frederique Segond and Pasi Tapanainen",
	TITLE  = "Using a Finite-State Based Formalism to Identify and
                  Generate Multiword Expressions",
	YEAR = "May 19, 1995",
        NUMBER = "MLTT-019",
        INSTITUTION = "Rank Xerox Research Centre",
	ADDRESS = "Grenoble",
        NOTE = ""
	}
            
@TECHREPORT{pasi95,
	AUTHOR = "Pasi Tapanainen",
	TITLE  = "{RXRC} Finite-State Compiler",
	YEAR = "April 1995",
        NUMBER = "MLTT-020",
        INSTITUTION = "Rank Xerox Research Centre",
	ADDRESS = "Grenoble",
        NOTE = ""
	}

@BOOK{friedl:1997,
	AUTHOR = "Jeffrey E.F. Friedl",
	TITLE  = "Mastering Regular Expressions",
	PUBLISHER = "O'Reilly",
	YEAR = "1997",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge",
	}
                  
@ARTICLE{gibis,
	AUTHOR = "J. Conklin and M. Begeman" ,
	TITLE  = "``{gIBIS: A hypertext tool for team design
			deliberation}''",
	JOURNAL = "ACM Trans. Off. Inf. Syst.",
	YEAR = "1988",
	VOLUME = "6",
	NUMBER = "4",
	PAGES  = "303--331"
	}

@ARTICLE{conklin,
	AUTHOR = "J. Conklin" ,
	TITLE  = "``{Hypertext: An introduction and survey}''",
	JOURNAL = "IEEE Computer",
	YEAR = "1987",
	VOLUME = "20",
	NUMBER = "9",
	PAGES  = "17--41"
	}


@INPROCEEDINGS{locolex95,
	AUTHOR = "Daniel Bauer and Frederique Segond and Annie Zaenen" ,
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the ACH/ALLC '95",
	TITLE  = "LOCOLEX: The Translation Rolls Off Your Tongue",
	YEAR = "1995",
	ADDRESS = "Santa Barbara, California",
	MONTH  = "July 11--15",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{segond,
	AUTHOR = "Sebastian Shaumyan and Frederique Segond" ,
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the Mathematics of Language (MOL-3)",
	TITLE  = "Discontinuous Constructions and Applicative Universal Grammar",
	YEAR = "1992",
	ADDRESS = "Austin, Texas",
	MONTH  = "Nov",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{neptune,
	AUTHOR = "N. Delisle and M. Schwartz" ,
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of the International Conference
			on the management of data" ,
	EDITOR = "",
	TITLE  = "Neptune: A hypertext system for {CAD} applications",
	PUBLISHER = "ACM, New York",
	ORGANIZATION = "" ,
	YEAR = "1986",
	ADDRESS = "Washington, D.C.",
	MONTH  = "May 28-30",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@ARTICLE{donelson,
	AUTHOR = "W. Donelson" ,
	TITLE  = "``{Spatial management of information}''",
	JOURNAL = "Computer Graphics",
	YEAR = "1978",
	NUMBER = "3",
	VOLUME = "12",
	PAGES  = "203--209"
	}

@BOOK{precisprimer,
	AUTHOR = "M. Dykstra" ,
	TITLE  = "{PRECIS}: A primer",
	PUBLISHER = "Scarecrow Press",
	YEAR = "1987",
	ADDRESS = "Metuchen, NJ"
	}


@INCOLLECTION{eds,
	AUTHOR = "S. Feiner",
	TITLE  = "Interactive Documents",
	BOOKTITLE = "Design in the Information Environment",
	PUBLISHER = "Southern Illinois University Press",
	YEAR = "185",
	ADDRESS = "Carbondale, Ill",
	PAGES = "118--132"
	}

@INPROCEEDINGS{manning93,
        AUTHOR = "Christopher D. Manning",
        TITLE  = "Automatic Acquisition of a Large Subcategorization
	Dictionary from Corpora",
        ORGANIZATION = "ACL",
	BOOKTITLE = "31st Annual Meeting of the Association
		for Computational Linguistics",
        YEAR = "1993",
        MONTH = "June 22--26",
	PAGES = "235--242",
        ADDRESS = "Columbus, OH",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{demarcken,
        AUTHOR = "Carl G. {de Marcken}" ,
        TITLE  = "Parsing the {LOB} Corpus",
        ORGANIZATION = "ACL",
	BOOKTITLE = "28th Annual Meeting of the Association
		for Computational Linguistics",
        YEAR = "1990",
        MONTH = "June 6--9",
	PAGES = "243--251",
        ADDRESS = "Pittsburgh, PA",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{foss,
	AUTHOR = "C. Foss" ,
	BOOKTITLE = "RIAO'88 Conference Proceedings" ,
	TITLE  = "Effective browsing in hypertext systems",
	YEAR = "1988",
	ADDRESS = "MIT,Cambridge,Mass",
	MONTH  = "Mar",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@ARTICLE{gittens,
	AUTHOR = "D. Gittens" ,
	TITLE  = "``{Icon-Based Human-Computer Interaction}''",
	JOURNAL = "International Journal of Man-Machine Studies",
	YEAR = "1986",
	VOLUME = "24",
	PAGES  = "519--543"
	}

@INPROCEEDINGS{carroll89,
	AUTHOR = "John Carroll and Ted Briscoe" ,
	BOOKTITLE = "Computational Lexicography for Natural Language Processing" ,
	TITLE  = "The derivation of a large computational lexicon for
		  English from LDOCE",
	YEAR = "1989",
        EDITOR = "B. Boguraev and T. Briscoe",
        PUBLISHER = "Longman",
	ADDRESS = "London",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@TECHREPORT{anlt,
        AUTHOR = "Claire Grover and John Carroll and Ted Briscoe",
        TITLE  = "The Alvey Natural Language Tools Grammar",
        INSTITUTION = "Computer Laboratory, UNiversity of Cambridge",
        ADDRESS = "England",
        YEAR = "1993",
        MONTH = "February",
        NUMBER = "284",
        ANNOTE = "" }







                  
@TECHREPORT{kodiak,
        AUTHOR = "R. Wilensky",
        TITLE  = "Some problems and proposals for
		knowledge representations",
        INSTITUTION = "University of California, Berkeley,
                        Computer Science Division",
        YEAR = "1986",
        MONTH = "May",
        NUMBER = "{UCB/CSD 86/294}",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@TECHREPORT{PalmerHearst94,
        AUTHOR = "David D. Palmer and Marti A. Hearst",
        TITLE  = "Adaptive Sentence Boundary Disambigation",
        INSTITUTION = "University of California, Berkeley,
                        Computer Science Division",
        YEAR = "1994",
        MONTH = "February",
        NUMBER = "{UCB/CSD 94/797}",
        PAGES = "10 pages.",
        ANNOTE = "" }


@TECHREPORT{svd,
        AUTHOR = "Michael Berry and Thersa Do and Gavin {O'Brien} and
                  Vijay Krishna and Sowmini Varadhan",
        TITLE  = "SVDPACKC User's Guide",
        INSTITUTION = "Department of Computer Science,
             University of Tennessee",
        YEAR = "1993",
        MONTH = "May",
        ADDRESS = "107 Ayres Hall, Knoxville TN, 37996-1301",
        NUMBER = "CS--93--194",
        ANNOTE = "" }


@TECHREPORT{chang-costabile,
        AUTHOR = "S. K. Chang and M. F. Costabile and S. Levialdi",
        TITLE  = "A Methodology for Intelligent Visual Interface
		Design for Database Systems",
        INSTITUTION = "University of Pittsburgh,
                        Computer Science Dept.",
        YEAR = "1991",
        MONTH = "September 16",
        NUMBER = "CS91",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@ARTICLE{grefen-heuristics,
	AUTHOR = "Gregory Grefenstette",
	TITLE  = "Extracting Semantics from Raw Text,
		  Implementation Details",
	YEAR = 1993,
	JOURNAL = "Heuristics: the Journal of Knowledge Engineering",
	NOTE   = "To Appear in the Special Issue on Knowledge 
		Extraction from Text, Available as TR CS92-05,
		from the University of Pittsburgh, CS Dept. "
}




@INPROCEEDINGS{grefenOED93,
        AUTHOR = {G. Grefenstette},
        TITLE = {Automatic Thesaurus Generation from Raw Text
                Using Knowledge-Poor Techniques},
        BOOKTITLE = {Making Sense of Words},
        PUBLISHER =  {Ninth Annual Conference of the UW Centre
                   for the New OED and text Research},
        MONTH = "Sept 27--28",
        YEAR = 1993
        }


@INPROCEEDINGS{grefen96,
        AUTHOR = {G. Grefenstette},
        TITLE = "Light Parsing as Finite State Filtering",
        BOOKTITLE = "Workshop on 
        Extended finite state models of language",
        PUBLISHER =  {ECAI'96},
        ADDRESS = "Budapest, Hungary",
        MONTH = "Aug 11--12",
        YEAR = 1996
        }


@INPROCEEDINGS{schillerECAI96,
        AUTHOR = "Anne Schiller",
        TITLE = " Multilingual Finite-State Noun Phrase Extraction.",
        BOOKTITLE = "Workshop on 
        Extended finite state models of language",
        PUBLISHER =  {ECAI'96},
        ADDRESS = "Budapest, Hungary",
        MONTH = "Aug 11--12",
        YEAR = 1996
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{aaai92,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette and M. Hearst ",
        TITLE = "A Knowledge-Poor Method for Refining
                Automatically-Discovered Lexical Relations:
                Combining Weak Techniques for Stronger Results",
        BOOKTITLE = "AAAI Workshop on Statistically-Based NLP Techniques",
        PUBLISHER =  "Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
        MONTH = "July",
        YEAR = 1992
        }

@BOOK{aaai92workshop,
        EDITOR = "Carl Weir",
        TITLE = "AAAI Workshop on Statistically-Based NLP Techniques",
        PUBLISHER =  "Tenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence",
        MONTH = "July",
        YEAR = 1992
        }

@BOOK{acl93workshop,
        EDITOR = "Bran Boguraev",
        TITLE = "Workshop on the Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge from
		Text",
        PUBLISHER =  "Special Interest Group on the Lexicon (SIGLEX)",
	ORGANIZATION = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
        MONTH = "June",
        YEAR = 1993
        }

@BOOK{trier,
        AUTHOR = "Jost Trier",
        TITLE = "{Der deustche Wortschatz im Sinnbezirk des 
         Verstandes: Die Gesischichte eines sprachlichen Feldes. Band I}",
        ADDRESS = {Heidelberg},
        YEAR = 1931
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{ushioda93,
	TITLE = "The Automatic Acquisition of Frequencies 
    	of Verb Subcategorization Frames from Tagged Corpora",
	AUTHOR = "Akira Usioda and David A. Evans and Ted Gibson and
	Alex Waibel ",
        EDITOR = "Bran Boguraev",
        BOOKTITLE = "Workshop on the Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge from
		Text",
        PUBLISHER =  "Special Interest Group on the Lexicon (SIGLEX)",
	ORGANIZATION = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
        MONTH = "June",
        YEAR = 1993
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{liddy92,
        AUTHOR = "Elizabeth D. Liddy and Woojin Paik",
        TITLE  = "Statistically-Guided Word Sense Disambiguation",
        BOOKTITLE = "Fall Symposium on Probability and Natural Language",
        PUBLISHER =  "AAAI",
        MONTH = "October 23-25",
	PAGES = "98--107",
        YEAR = 1992
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{FallSymposium92,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette",
        TITLE  = "Finding Semantic Similarity in
		Raw Text: the Deese Antonyms",
        BOOKTITLE = "Fall Symposium on Probability and Natural Language",
        PUBLISHER =  "AAAI",
        MONTH = "October 23-25",
        YEAR = 1992
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{grefenACL93,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette",
        TITLE  = "Evaluation techniques for 
                  Automatic Semantic Extraction:
		Comparing Syntactic and Window-Based 
	            Approaches",
	EDITOR = "Branimir Boguraev and James Pustejovsky",
        BOOKTITLE = "Acquisition of Lexical Knowledge from Text",
        PUBLISHER =  "ACL SIG Workshop",
        MONTH = "21 June",
        YEAR = 1993
        }

@INCOLLECTION{grefenACL93book,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette",
        TITLE  = "Evaluation techniques for 
                  Automatic Semantic Extraction:
		Comparing Syntactic and Window-Based 
	            Approaches",
        PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
        CHAPTER = 11,
	EDITOR = "Branimir Boguraev and James Pustejovsky",
        ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA",
        BOOKTITLE = "Corpus Processing for Lexical Acquistion",
        YEAR = 1996
        }

@TECHREPORT{jpcptcoling96,
        AUTHOR = "J.P. Chanod and P. Tapanainen",
        TITLE  = "A Robust Finite-State Grammar for French",
        INSTITUTION = "Rank Xerox Research Centre",
	ADDRESS = "Meylan, France",
        NOTE = "",
        YEAR = 1996
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{pasigreg,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette and P. Tapanainen",
        TITLE  = "What is a Word, What is a Sentence? 
                {Problems} of Tokenization",
        BOOKTITLE = "3rd Conference on Computational Lexicography and
		  Text Research",
        PUBLISHER =  "COMPLEX'94",
        ADDRESS = "Budapest, Hungary",
        MONTH = "7--10 July",
        NOTE= "http://www.rxrc.xerox.com/publis/mltt/mltt-004.ps",
        YEAR = 1994
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{gale92,
        AUTHOR = "William Gale and Kenneth Church and David Yarowsky",
        TITLE  = "Work on Statistical Methods for Word Sense Disambiguation",
        BOOKTITLE = "Fall Symposium on Probability and Natural Language",
        PUBLISHER =  "AAAI",
        MONTH = "October 23-25",
        YEAR = 1992
        }

@ARTICLE{gale93,
        AUTHOR = "William Gale and Kenneth Church",
        TITLE  = "A Program for Aligning Sentences in Bilingual Corpora",
        JOURNAL = "Computational Linguistics",
        MONTH = "March",
        VOLUME = 19,
        NUMBER = 1,
        YEAR = 1993
        }



@INPROCEEDINGS{simard92,
	AUTHOR = "Michel Simard and George Foster and Pierre Isabelle",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceeedings of the Fourth International Conference
                on Theoretical and Methodological Issues in Machine
                Translation" ,
	TITLE  = "Using Cognates to Align Sentences in
                Bilingual Corpora",
	YEAR = "1992",
        address = "Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec"
	}

@BOOK{aaaifallsymposium92,
        EDITOR = "Robert Goldman",
        TITLE = "Fall Symposium on Probability and Natural Language",
        PUBLISHER =  "AAAI",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, Mass",
        MONTH = "October 23-25",
        YEAR = 1992
        }

@INCOLLECTION{pereira92,
        AUTHOR = {Fernando Pereira and Naftali Tishby},
        TITLE = {Distributional Similarity, Phase 
               Transitions and Hierarchical Clustering},
        EDITOR = "Robert Goldman",
        BOOKTITLE = "Fall Symposium on Probability and Natural Language",
        PUBLISHER =  "AAAI",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, Mass",
        MONTH = "October 23-25",
        YEAR = 1992
        }


        }

@INCOLLECTION{pereira+riley+sproat94,
        AUTHOR = {Fernando Pereira and Michael Riley and Richard Sproat},
        TITLE = {Weighted rational transductions and their application
		  to human language Processing},
        BOOKTITLE = "ARPA Workshoop on Human Languge Technology",
        PUBLISHER =  "Advanced Research Projects Agency",
        MONTH = "October 23-25",
        YEAR = 1994,
	PAGES = "249--254"
	}

@INCOLLECTION{pereira+riley:1997,
        AUTHOR = {Fernando C. N. Pereira and Michael Riley},
        TITLE = {Speech Recognition by Composition of Weighted Finite
		 Automata},
        BOOKTITLE = "Finite-State Language Processing",
        PUBLISHER =  "MIT Press",
        ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA",
        YEAR = 1997,
        chapter = 15,
	PAGES = "431--453"
	}


@INCOLLECTION{pereira+wright:1997,
        AUTHOR = {Fernando C. N. Pereira and Rebecca Wright},
        TITLE = {Finite-State Approximation of Phrase-Structure Grammars},
        BOOKTITLE = "Finite-State Language Processing",
        PUBLISHER =  "MIT Press",
        ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA",
        YEAR = 1997,
        chapter = 5,
	PAGES = "149--173"
	}


@INPROCEEDINGS{schutze92,
        TITLE = "Context Space",
        AUTHOR = "Hinrich Schutze",
        BOOKTITLE = "Fall Symposium on Probability and Natural Language",
        PUBLISHER =  "AAAI",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, Mass",
        MONTH = "October 23-25",
        YEAR = 1992
        }


@INPROCEEDINGS{schutze93,
        TITLE = "A Vector Model for Syntagmatic and Paradigmatic Relatedness ",
        AUTHOR = "Hinrich Schutze and Jan Pedersen",
        BOOKTITLE = "Making Sense of Words",
        PUBLISHER =  "Ninth Annual Conference of the UW Centre for the
		  New OED and Text Research",
	ADDRESS = "Oxford, England",
        PAGES = "104--113",
        MONTH = "September 27--28",
        YEAR = 1993
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{wilensky92,
        TITLE = "Discourse versus probability in the Theory of Natural
		 Langauge Interpretation",
        AUTHOR = "Robert Wilensky",
        BOOKTITLE = "Fall Symposium on Probability and Natural Language",
        PUBLISHER =  "AAAI",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, Mass",
        MONTH = "October 23-25",
        YEAR = 1992
        }

@BOOK{grefenthesis93,
	AUTHOR = "Gregory Grefenstette",
	TITLE = "Automatic Thesaurus Discovery
 Via Selective Natural Language Processing:
     A Corpus Based Approach",
	PUBLISHER = "University of Pittsburgh",
	YEAR = 1993,
	NOTE = "PhD Thesis"
	}

@BOOK{grefenbook94,
	AUTHOR = "Gregory Grefenstette",
	TITLE = "Explorations in Automatic Thesaurus Discovery",
	PUBLISHER = "Kluwer Academic Press",
         ADDRESS= "Boston",
	YEAR = 1994,
	ANNOTE = "PhD Thesis"
	}

@ARTICLE{kupiec,
       AUTHOR = "Doug Cutting and Julian Kupiec and Jan Pedersen and
		  Penelope Sibun",
       TITLE = "A Practical part-of-Speech tagger",
       JOURNAL = {Proceedings of the Third  Conference on
Applied Natural Language Processing},
       MONTH = "April",
       YEAR = 1992
}

@BOOK{kucera,
       AUTHOR = "W. Nelson Francis and Henry Kucera",
       TITLE = "Frequency Analysis of English",
       YEAR = 1982,
       PUBLISHER = "Houghton Mifflin Company",
       ADDRESS = "Boston"
}

@BOOK{latex,
       AUTHOR = "Leslie Lamport",
       TITLE = "{LATEX}: A Document Preparation System",
       YEAR = 1986,
       PUBLISHER = "Addison-Wesley",
       ADDRESS = "Reading, MA"
}

@BOOK{barnhurst94,
       AUTHOR = "Kevin G. Barnhurst",
       TITLE = "Seeing the Newspaper",
       YEAR = 1994,
       PUBLISHER = "St Martin's Press",
       ADDRESS = "New York"
}
@BOOK{LOB,
       EDITOR = "Stig Johansson",
       TITLE = "Computer Corpora in English Language Research",
       YEAR = 1982,
       PUBLISHER = "Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities",
       ADDRESS = "Bergen"
}


@BOOK{LondonLund,
       EDITOR = "Jan Svartik and Randolp Quirk",
       TITLE = "A Corpus of English Converstaion",
       YEAR = 1980,
       PUBLISHER = "Gleerup",
       ADDRESS = "Lund"
}

@PHDTHESIS{revuz91,
	AUTHOR = "D. Revuz",
	TITLE = "Dictionnaires et Lexiques. Methodes et Algorithmes",
	SCHOOL = "University of Paris VII",
	ADDRESS = "Paris, France",
	YEAR = 1991,
	NOTE = "In French"
	}

@PHDTHESIS{clemenceau93,
	AUTHOR = "David Clemenceau",
	TITLE = "Structuration du Lexique et Reconnaissance
des Mots Derives",
	SCHOOL = "University of Paris VII",
	ADDRESS = "Paris, France",
	YEAR = 1993,
	NOTE = "In French"
	}

@BOOK{grefenthesis,
	AUTHOR = "Gregory Grefenstette",
	TITLE = "Linguistic treatments applied to Information
		Retrieval (Traitements Linguistiques Appliquees
		a la Documentation Automatique)",
	PUBLISHER = "University of Paris XI",
	ADDRESS = "Orsay, France",
	YEAR = 1983,
	ANNOTE = "Thesis for 3rd Cycle Doctorate. In French"
	}

@TECHREPORT{sigir92-tr,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette" ,
        TITLE  = "A New Knowledge-Poor Technique for
                Knowledge Extraction from Large Corpora",
        INSTITUTION = "University of Pittsburgh,
                        Computer Science Dept.",
        YEAR = "1991",
        MONTH = "December",
        NUMBER = "CS91-29",
        ANNOTE = "" }


@ARTICLE{sextant-tr,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette" ,
        TITLE  = "{SEXTANT:} Extracting Semantics from Raw 
		Text, Implementation Details",
        YEAR = "1994",
        NUMBER = "1",
        VOLUME = 6,
        JOURNAL = "Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering",
        NOTE = "Special Issue on Knowledge Extraction from Text"
        }


@TECHREPORT{sextant-tr-old,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette" ,
        TITLE  = "{SEXTANT:} Extracting Semantics from Raw 
		Text, Implementation Details",
        INSTITUTION = "University of Pittsburgh,
                        Computer Science Dept.",
        YEAR = "1992",
        MONTH = "February",
        NUMBER = "CS92-05",
        ANNOTE = "To appear in {\em Integrated Computer-Aided
        Engineering}, Special Issue on
	Knowledge Extraction from Text" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{harman88,
        AUTHOR = "Donna Harman",
        TITLE  = "Towards an Interactive Query Expansion",
        ORGANIZATION = "ACM",
	BOOKTITLE = "Conference on Research and Development in
	Information Retrieval",
        YEAR = 1988,
        ADDRESS = "Grenoble, France",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{keen92,
        AUTHOR = "E. Michael Keen",
        TITLE  = "Term Position Ranking: Some New Results",
        ORGANIZATION = "ACM",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of SIGIR'92",
        YEAR = "1992",
        MONTH = "June 21-24",
        ADDRESS = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{cutting92,
        TITLE = "{Scatter/Gather}: A Cluster-based approach to
	Browsing Large Document Collections",
        AUTHOR = "Douglas Cutting and Jan O. Pedersen and David Karger
		and John W. Tukey"   ,    
	 ORGANIZATION = "ACM",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of SIGIR'92",
        YEAR = "1992",
	PAGES = "318--329",
        MONTH = "June 21-24",
        ADDRESS = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{harman92,
        AUTHOR = "Donna Harman",
        TITLE  = "Relevance Feedback Revisited",
        ORGANIZATION = "ACM",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of SIGIR'92",
        YEAR = 1992,
        MONTH = "June 21-24",
        ADDRESS = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@InProceedings{hullgref96,
  Author = "David A. Hull and Gregory Grefenstette",
  Title = "Querying Across Languages: A Dictionary-based Approach 
                to Multilingual Information Retrieval",
  Booktitle = "Proc. of the 19th ACM/SIGIR Conference",
  Pages = "49-57",
  Year = 1996 }
 
@InProceedings{jacquemin94,
  Author = "Christian Jacquemin and Jean Royaute",
  Title = "Retrieving Terms and their Variants in a Lexicalized
                  Unification-Based Framework",
  Booktitle = "Proc. of the 17th ACM/SIGIR Conference",
  Editor = "W. B. Croft and C. J. {van Rijsbergen}",
  Address = "Dublin, Ireland",
  Pages = "49-57",
  Year = 1994 }
 
@InProceedings{Kwok96,
  Author = "K. L. Kwok",
  Title = "A New Method for Weighting Query Terms for Ad-Hoc Retrieval",
  Booktitle = "Proc. of the 19th ACM/SIGIR Conference",
  Pages = "187--196",
  Year = 1996 }
 

@INPROCEEDINGS{sigir92,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette" ,
        TITLE  = "Use of Syntactic Context to Produce Term
		Association Lists for Text Retrieval",
        ORGANIZATION = "ACM",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of SIGIR'92",
        YEAR = 1992,
        MONTH = "June 21-24",
        ADDRESS = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@TECHREPORT{proposal,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette" ,
        TITLE  = "Extracting Information from Text:
                Automatic Thesaurus Generation",
        INSTITUTION = "University of Pittsburgh,
                        Computer Science Dept.",
        YEAR = 1992,
        MONTH = "January",
        NUMBER = "CS92-01",
        ANNOTE = "" }



@TECHREPORT{bookshelf,
	AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette" ,
	TITLE  = "``{BOOKSHELF: A Visual Interface
			for the Virtual Library}''",
	INSTITUTION = "University of Pittsburgh,
			Computer Science Dept.",
	YEAR = "1991",
	MONTH = "Apr",
	NUMBER = "CS91-15",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@TECHREPORT{hypertext-tr,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette" ,
        TITLE  = "Metaphors for Hypertext Document 
                Browsing ",
        INSTITUTION = "University of Pittsburgh,
                        Computer Science Dept.",
        YEAR = "1991",
        MONTH = "April",
        NUMBER = "CS91-16",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@INPROCEEDINGS{acl92,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette",
        TITLE = "SEXTANT: Exploring Unexplored Contexts for Semantic 
		Extraction from Syntactic Analysis",
        BOOKTITLE = "30th Annual Meeting of the Association for
		Computational Linguistics",
        PUBLISHER = "ACL'92",
        ADDRESS = "Newark, Delaware",
        MONTH = "28 June -- 2 July",
        YEAR = 1992
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{voutilainen,
        AUTHOR = "Atro Voutilainen and Julia Heikkila and Arto Anttila",
        TITLE = "A Lexicon and Constraint Grammar of English",
        BOOKTITLE       =  "Proceedings of the Fourteenth International
                        Conference on Computational Linguistics",
        PUBLISHER       = "{COLING}'92",
        ADDRESS         = "Nantes, France",
        MONTH           = "July",
        YEAR		= 1992
        }

@INPROCEEDINGS{grefanneal,
	AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette and V. Deschamps",
	TITLE = "Simulated Annealing  Applied to Flow-Shop Scheduling",
	BOOKTITLE = "Convenci{\'o}n Inform{\'a}tica Latina",
	PUBLISHER = "CIL'89",
	ADDRESS = "Barcelona, Spain",
	MONTH = "May",
	YEAR = 1989
	}


@INPROCEEDINGS{gref-philo,
	AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette" ,
        TITLE  = "An Expert System for Philologists",
	BOOKTITLE = "Expert Systems and Their Applications",
	PUBLISHER = "AVIGNON'87",
	ADDRESS = "Avignon, France",
	MONTH = "April",
	YEAR = 1987
	}

@INPROCEEDINGS{hindle-acl,
        AUTHOR = "D. Hindle",
        TITLE = "Noun Classification from Predicate-Argument Structures",
        BOOKTITLE  = "Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the
			Association for Computational Linguistics",
        PUBLISHER = "ACL",
	PAGES = "268--275",
	ADDRESS = "Pittsburgh",
        YEAR = "1990"
        }


@INPROCEEDINGS{hindle,
        AUTHOR = "D. Hindle",
        TITLE = "Acquiring disambiguation rules from text",
        BOOKTITLE  = "Proceedings of the 27th Annual Meeting of the
			Association for Computational Linguistics",
        PUBLISHER = "ACL",
	PAGES = "118--125",
        YEAR = "1989"
        }

@BOOK{shieber,
	AUTHOR = "S. M. Shieber",
	TITLE = "An introduction to unification-based approaches to grammar",
	ADDRESS = "Stanford, CA",
	YEAR = 1986,
	PUBLISHER = "Center for the Study of Language and Information,
		Stanford University"	
	}

@INPROCEEDINGS{hendrix,
        AUTHOR = "G. G. Hendrix and W. H. Lewis",
        TITLE = "Transportable natural-language interfaces to databases",
        BOOKTITLE  = "Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting of the
                        Association for Computational Linguistics",
        PUBLISHER = "ACL",
        YEAR = "1981"
        }


@INPROCEEDINGS{churchhindle,
        AUTHOR = "K. Church and W. Gale and P. Hanks and D. Hindle",
        TITLE = "Parsing,  Word Associations and
		Typical Predicate-Argument Relations",
        BOOKTITLE  = "International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
        PUBLISHER = "CMU",
	ADDRESS = "Pittsburgh",
        YEAR = "1989"
        }


@INPROCEEDINGS{notecard,
	AUTHOR = "F. Halasz and T. Moran and R. Trigg",
	BOOKTITLE = "{CHI/GI} '87 Human factors in Computing
			Systems and Graphics Interface" ,
	TITLE  = "Note{Card}s in a Nutshell",
	PUBLISHER = "ACM, New York",
	YEAR = "1987",
	PAGES = "45--52",
	ADDRESS = "Washington, D.C.",
	MONTH  = "May 15-19"
	}

@ARTICLE{wilkinson,
	AUTHOR = "R.N. Haber and L. Wilkinson",
	TITLE  = "``{Perceptual Components of Computer Displays}''",
	JOURNAL = "IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications",
	YEAR = "1982",
	VOLUME = "2",
	NUMBER = "3",
	PAGES  = "23--35",
	MONTH  = "May"
	}

@phdthesis{hancock,
	AUTHOR = "M. Hancock-Beaulieu" ,
	SCHOOL = "City University, London",
	TITLE  = "Subject Searching Behaviour at the Library Catalogue
			and at the Shelves:
			Evaluating the Impact of an Online Public
			Access Catalogue",
	YEAR = "1989",
	TYPE = "Information Science",
	PAGES = "281",
	ANNOTE = "UMI No. AADDX-88212" }

@BOOK{guide,
	AUTHOR = "B. Hill",
	TITLE  = "Guide: Hypertext for Macintosh",
	PUBLISHER = "Owl International, Inc.",
	YEAR = "1986",
	ADDRESS = "Bellevue, Wash.",
	ANNOTE = "" }


@INCOLLECTION{hutchins,
	AUTHOR = "E.L. hutchins and J.D. Hollan and D.A. Draper" ,
	BOOKTITLE = "User Centered System Design" ,
	EDITOR = "D.A. Norman and S.W. Draper",
	TITLE  = "Direct Manipulation Interfaces",
	PUBLISHER = "Lawrence Erlbaum Associates",
	YEAR = "1986",
	ADDRESS = "Hillsdale,NJ",
	PAGES  = "118--123",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@BOOK{hypercard,
	AUTHOR = "C. Kaehler",
	TITLE  = "HyperCard Power: Techniques and Scripts",
	PUBLISHER = "Addison--Wesley",
	YEAR = "1988",
	ADDRESS = "Reading, Mass.",
	ANNOTE = "" }


@ARTICLE{kolers,
	AUTHOR = " P.A. Kolers" ,
	TITLE  = "``{Some Formal Characteristics of Pictograms}''",
	JOURNAL = "American Scientist",
	YEAR = "1969",
	VOLUME = "57",
	NUMBER = "3",
	PAGES  = "348--363",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@ARTICLE{pictures,
	AUTHOR = "Larkin and Smith" ,
	TITLE  = "``{ Why a picture is (sometimes) worth a thousand words}''",
	JOURNAL = "Cognitive Science",
	YEAR = "1987",
	VOLUME = "11",
	PAGES  = "65--100",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@phdthesis{metaphor,
	AUTHOR = "L.Y. Lin" ,
	SCHOOL = "University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign",
	TITLE  = "Learning to Use Hypertext Systems with Metaphors:
			An Interface Design Perspective",
	YEAR = "1989",
	PAGES = "184",
	ANNOTE = "UMI No. AAD90-10936" }


@ARTICLE{lodding,
	AUTHOR = "K.N. Lodding",
	TITLE  = "``{Iconic Interfacing}''",
	JOURNAL = "IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications",
	YEAR = "1983",
	VOLUME = "3",
	NUMBER = "2",
	PAGES  = "11--20",
	MONTH  = "Mar./Apr.",
	ANNOTE   = "" }

@ARTICLE{mccracken,
	AUTHOR = "D.L. McCracken and R.M. Akscyn",
	TITLE  = "Experience with the {ZOG} human-computer
			interface system",
	JOURNAL = "International Journal of Man-Machine Studies",
	YEAR = "1984",
	VOLUME = "21",
	PAGES  = "293--310",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@ARTICLE{categorization,
	AUTHOR = "C. Mervis and E. Rosch" ,
	TITLE  = "``Categorization of natural objects''",
	JOURNAL = "Annual Review of Psychology",
	YEAR = "1981",
	NUMBER = "32",
	PAGES  = "89--115"
		}

@INCOLLECTION{nievergelt,
	AUTHOR = "J. Nievergelt and J. Weydert" ,
	EDITOR = "R.A. Guedj and P.J.W. ten hagen and
		  F.R.A. Hopgood and H.A. Tucker and D.A.
		  Duce",
	TITLE  = "Sites, Modes, and Trails: Telling the
		  user of an Interactive System Where He is, 
		  What He Can Do, and How to Get Places",
	BOOKTITLE = "Methodology of Interaction",
	PUBLISHER = "North Holland",
	YEAR = "1980",
	PAGES = "327--332"
	}

@INCOLLECTION{quillian,
	AUTHOR = "M.R. Quillian",
	EDITOR = "M. Minsky",
	TITLE  = "Semantic Memory",
	BOOKTITLE = "Semantic Information Processing",
	PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
	YEAR = "1968",
	PAGES = "227--270",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, MA"
	}


@BOOK{colon,
	AUTHOR = "S.R. Ranganathan",
	TITLE  = "Prolegomena to Library Classification",
	PUBLISHER = "Asia Publishing House",
	YEAR = "1967",
	SERIES = "Ranganathan Series in Library Science",
	ADDRESS = "Bombay",
	EDITION = "3rd"
		}

@inproceedings{smadja90,
	author		= "Frank A. Smadja and Kathleen R. McKeown",
	title		= "Automatically Extracting and Representing
			Collocations for Language Generation",
	booktitle	= "Proceedings of the 28th Annual Meeting of the
			Association for Computational Linguistics",
	pages		= "252-259",
	year		= 1990
}


@BOOK{smart,
	AUTHOR = "G. Salton" ,
	TITLE  = "The {SMART} Retrieval System:
		Experiments in automatic document
	 	processing",
	ADDRESS = "Englewood Cliffs, NJ",
	PUBLISHER = "Prentice--Hall",
	YEAR = "1971"
	}

@BOOK{salton72,
	AUTHOR = "G. Salton" ,
	TITLE  = "Experiments in Automatic Thesaurus Construction for
		Information retrieval",
	BOOKTITLE = "Information Processing 71",
	ADDRESS = "Amsterdam",
	PUBLISHER = "North Holland",
	PAGES = "115--142",
	YEAR = "1972"
	}

@BOOK{smartmcgill83,
	AUTHOR = "G. Salton and M. {McGill}" ,
	TITLE  = "Introduction to Modern Information Retrieval",
	ADDRESS = "New York",
	PUBLISHER = "McGraw--Hill",
	YEAR = "1983"
	}

@BOOK{salton89,
	AUTHOR = "G. Salton",
	TITLE  = "Automatic text processing",
	ADDRESS = "Reading, Mass.",
	PUBLISHER = "Addison--Wesley",
	PAGES = "382--386",
	YEAR = "1989"
	}



@BOOK{sanders,
	AUTHOR = "M. Sanders and E.J. McCormick",
	TITLE  = "Human Factors in Engineering and Design",
	PUBLISHER = "McGraw Hill",
	YEAR = "1987",
	ADDRESS = "New York",
	EDITION = "Sixth Edition",
	PAGE = "101"
	}

@ARTICLE{stars,
	AUTHOR = "J.H. Siegel and R.M. Goldwyn and H.P. Friedman" ,
	TITLE  = "``{Pattern and process of the evolution
			of human septic shock}''",
	JOURNAL = "Surgery",
	YEAR = "1971",
	VOLUME = "70",
	PAGES  = "232",
	ANNOTE = "Uses stars as a dynamically configured icon" }

@ARTICLE{strong,
	AUTHOR = "G.W. Strong and M.C. Drott",
	TITLE  = "``A thesaurus for end-user indexing and retrieval''",
	JOURNAL = "Information Processing and Management",
	YEAR = "1986",
	VOLUME = "22",
	NUMBER = "6",
	PAGES  = "487--492"
	}

@INPROCEEDINGS{thoth,
	AUTHOR = "G. Collier" ,
	BOOKTITLE = "Hypertext '87 Papers" ,
	TITLE  = "Thoth--{II}: Hypertext with explicit semantics",
	ORGANIZATION = "University of North Carolina" ,
	YEAR = "1987",
	PAGES = "269--287",
	ADDRESS = "Chapel Hill, NC",
	MONTH  = "Nov"
	}

@ARTICLE{porter80,
	AUTHOR = "M. F. Porter",
	TITLE  = "An algorithm for Suffix Stripping",
	JOURNAL = "Program",
	NUMBER = 3,
	VOLUME = 14,
	YEAR = "1980",
	PAGES = "130--137",
	ANNOTE = "stemmer" }

@ARTICLE{lovins68,
	AUTHOR = "J. B. Lovins",
	TITLE  = "Development of a stemming alogrithm",
	JOURNAL = "Mechanical Translation and Computational Linguistics",
	VOLUME = 11,
	YEAR = "1968",
	PAGES = "22--31",
	ANNOTE = "stemmer" }



@ARTICLE{treu-conceptual-distance,
	AUTHOR = "S. Treu" ,
	TITLE  = "Conceptual Distance and Interface-Supported
			Visualization of Information Objects and
			Patterns",
	JOURNAL = "Journal of Visual Languages and Computing",
        VOL = 1,
        PAGES = "369--388",
	YEAR = "1990",
	ANNOTE = "" }

@book{kelly75,
	author		= "Edward Kelly and Philip Stone",
	title		= "Computer recognition of english word senses",
	series		= "North-Holland Linguistics Series",
	volume		= 13,
	publisher	= "North-Holland",
	address		= "Amsterdam",
	year		= 1975
}



@ARTICLE{utting,
	AUTHOR = "K. Utting and N. Yankelovich" ,
	TITLE  = "``Context and Orientation in Hypermedia
		     Networks''",
	JOURNAL = "ACM Transactions on Information Systems",
	YEAR = "1989",
	VOLUME = "7",
	NUMBER = "1",
	PAGES  = "58--84",
	MONTH  = "Jan"
		}


@BOOK{vickery,
	AUTHOR = "B.C. Vickery" ,
	TITLE  = "Classification and Indexing in Science",
	PUBLISHER = "Butterworths",
	YEAR = "1975",
	EDITION = "3rd",
	ADDRESS = "London"
		}

@BOOK{facet,
	AUTHOR = "B.C. Vickery" ,
	TITLE  = "Faceted Classification",
	PUBLISHER = "ASLIB",
	YEAR = "1960",
	ADDRESS = "Belgrave Square, London SW1"
		}

@BOOK{chernoff-faces,
	EDITOR = "P.C.C. Wang",
	TITLE  = "Graphical Representation of 
		Multivariate Data",
	PUBLISHER = "Academic Press",
	YEAR = "1978",
	ADDRESS = "New York",
	ANNOTE = "Describes different uses
		of Chernoff's faces" }

@ARTICLE{intermedia,
	AUTHOR = "N. Yankelovich and B Haan and N.
		Meyrowitz and S Drucker",
	TITLE  = "{Intermedia: the concept and
		the construction of a seamless
		information environment}",
	JOURNAL = "IEEE Computer",
	YEAR = "1988",
	VOLUME = "21",
	NUMBER = "1",
	PAGES  = "81--96",
	ANNOTE = "" }
  
@techreport{briscoegref,
        author = "Ted Briscoe and  Greg Grefenstette and  Llu{\'\i}s Padr{\'o} and  Iskander Serai",
        title = {Hybrid Techniques for Training HMM Part-of-Speech Tagger},
        number = {MLTT-007},
        institution= {Rank Xerox Research Centre},
        annote = "http://www.rxrc.xerox.com/publis/mltt/mltt-007.ps",
        year = {1994}}
 

@techreport{Alshawi,
        author = {Alshawi, H. and et al.},
        title = {Interim Report on the SRI Core Language Engine},
        number = {CCSRC-005},
        institution= {SRI Cambridge Research Centre},
        year = {1988}}
 
 
@inproceedings{Boguraev88,
        author = {Boguraev, B. and J. Carroll and  E. Briscoe and C. Grover},
        title = {Software Support for Practical Grammar Development},
        booktitle = {12th International Congress on Computational Linguistics},
        address = {Budapest, Hungary},
        pages = {54--58},
        year = {1988}}
 
@article{Pulman88,
        author = {Pulman, S. and G. Russell and G. Ritchie and A. Black},
        title = "Computational Morphology of {English}",
        journal = {Linguistics},
        volume = {26},
        pages = {545--560},
        year = {1988}}
 
@book{Ritchie92,
        author = {Ritchie, G. and G. Russell and A. Black and S. Pulman},
        title = "Computational Morphology: Practical Mechanisms for the {English} Lexicon",
        publisher = {MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.},
        year = {1992}}
 
@techreport{Carroll91,
        author = {Carroll, J. and E. Briscoe and C. Grover},
        title = {A Development Environment for Large Natural Language Grammars},
        number = {Technical Report No.\ 233},
        institution = {Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge},
        year = {1991}}
 
@inproceedings{Boguraev87,
        author = {Boguraev, B. and E. Briscoe and J. Carroll and
                  D. Carter and C. Grover},
        title = {The derivation of a grammatically indexed lexicon
                  from the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English},
        booktitle = {25th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
        address = {Stanford, California},
        pages = {193--200},
        year = {1987}}
 
@techreport{Carroll93,
        author = {Carroll, J.},
        title = {Parsing Techniques for Unification-based Grammars},
        number = {Doctoral Dissertation},
        institution = {Cambridge University, Computer Laboratory},
        year = {1993}}
 
@book{Sells85,
        author = {Sells, P.},
        title = {{Lectures on Contemporary Syntactic Theories}},
        publisher = {CSLI, Stanford},
        year = {1985}}
 
@book{Horrocks87,
        author = {Horrocks, G.},
        title = {Generative Grammar},
        publisher = {Longman, London},
        year = {1987}}
 
@inproceedings{Davidson67,
        author = {Davidson, D.},
        title = {{The Logical Form of Action Sentences}},
        booktitle = {The Logic of Decision and Action},
        publisher = {N. Rescher},
        address = {University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh},
        year = {1967}}
 
@book{Parsons90,
        author = {Parsons, T.},
        title = {{Events in the Semantics of English: a study in subatomic semantics}},
        publisher = {MIT Press. Cambridge, MA},
        year = {1990}}
 
@book{Alshawi92,
        author = {Alshawi, H. (ed)},
        title = {{The Core Language Engine}},
        publisher = {MIT Press, Cambridge, MA},
        year = {1992}}
 
 
@inproceedings{Briscoe87a,
        author = {Briscoe, E. and C. Grover and B. Boguraev and J. Carroll},
        title = {{Feature Defaults, Propagation and Reentrancy}},
        pages = {19--34},
        booktitle = {Categories, Polymorphism and Unification},
        publisher = {Klein, E. and van Benthem, J.},
        address = {Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh},
        year = {1987}}
 
@inproceedings{Briscoe87b,
        author = {Briscoe, E. and C. Grover and B. Boguraev and J. Carroll},
        title = {A Formalism and Environment for the Development of a Large Grammar of English},
        booktitle = {10th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
        address = {Milan, Italy},
        pages = {703--708},
        year = {1987}}
 
@book{Gazdar85,
        author = {Gazdar, G. and E. Klein and G. Pullum and I. Sag},
        title = {Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar},
        publisher = {Blackwell}, 
        address = {Oxford},
        year = {1985}}
 
@techreport{Grover89,
        author = {Grover, C. and E. Briscoe and  J. Carroll and B. Boguraev},
        title = {The Alvey Natural Language Tools Project Grammar (Second Release): a Large Computational Grammar of English},
        number = {Technical Report No.\ 162}, 
        institution = {Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge},
        year = {1989}}
 
@article{Phillips86,
        author = {Phillips, J.},
        title = {A Simple, Efficient Parser for Phrase-Structure Grammars},
        journal = {SSAISB Quarterly Newsletter},
        volume = {59},
        pages = {14--18},
        year = {1986}}
 
@techreport{Phillips87,
        author = {Phillips, J. and H. Thompson},
        title = {A Parser and an Appropriate Computational Representation for GPSG},
        number = {Cognitive Science Working Papers 1},
        institution = {Centre for Cognitive Science, University of Edinburgh},
        year = {1987}}
 
@techreport{Ritchie87,
        author = {Ritchie, G. and A. Black and S. Pulman and G. Russell},
        title = {The {E}dinburgh/{C}ambridge Morphological Analyser
                  and Dictionary System (Version 3.0) User
                  Manual}, 
        number = {Software Paper No.\ 10},
        institution = {Department of Artificial Intelligence, 
                  University of Edinburgh}, 
        year = {1987}} 
 
@inproceedings{Russell86,
        author = {Russell, G. and  S. Pulman and G. Ritchie and A. Black},
        title = {A Dictionary and Morphological Analyser for English},
        booktitle = {11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics},
        address = {Bonn, Germany},
        pages = {277--279},
        year = {1987}} 
 

 
@book{besch:verb,
        year = {1990},
        author = {Bescherelle},
        title = {{La Conjugaison}},
        publisher = {Hatier, Paris}}
 

  
@techreport{kaplanmaxwell96,
        year = {1996},
        author = "R. M. Kaplan and J. T. Maxwell",
        title = "LFG grammar writer's workbench",
        number = {Technical report},
        institution = {Xerox Palo Alto Research Center}}


 

 

 


 
@inproceedings{Cutting:obj,
        year = {1991},
        author = {Doug Cutting and Jan Pedersen and Per-Kristian Halvorsen},
        title = {{An Object-Oriented Architecture for Text
                  Retrieval}},
        booktitle = {RAIO'91, Intelligent Text and Image Handling},
        pages = {285-298}}
  
@inproceedings{gaizauskus97,
        year = {1997},
        author = {Robert Gaizauskas, Alexander M. Robertson},
        title = {Coupling Information Retrieval and Informatin Extraction: A New Text Technology for Gathering Information from the Web},
        booktitle = {RAIO'97, Computer-Assisted Information Searching on the Internet},
        address = "Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec",
        date = "June 25--28, 1997",
        pages = {356--376}}
 
@inproceedings{grefRIAO97,
        year = {1997},
        author = {Gregory Grefenstette},
        title = {SQLET : Short Query Linguistic Expansion Techniques: Palliating One or Two-word Queries by Providing Intermediate Structure to Text},
        date = "June 25--28, 1997",
        address = "Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec",
        booktitle = {RAIO'97, Computer-Assisted Information Searching on the Internet}
        }
@inproceedings{hiemstraRIAO97,
        year = {1997},
        author = "Djoerd Hiemstra and Franciska {de Jong} and Wessel Kraaij",
        title = "A domain specific lexicon acquisition tool for cross-language information retrieval",
        date = "June 25--28, 1997",
        pages = "217--232",
        editor = "L. Deroye and C. Chrisment",
        address = "Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec",
        booktitle = {RAIO'97, Computer-Assisted Information Searching on the Internet}
        }
 
 
@inproceedings{Cutting:pos,
        year = {1992},
        author = {Doug Cutting and Julian Kupiec, Jan Pedersen and
                  Penelope Sibun},
        title = {{A Practical Part-of-Speech Tagger}},
        booktitle = {3nd ACL Conference on Applied Natural Language Processing},
        pages = {133-140}}
 
@book{Garside:LAE,
        year = {1987},
        author = {Roger Garside and Geoffrey Leech and Geoffrey
                  Sampson},
        title = {{The Computational Analysis of {E}nglish: A
                  Corpus-based Approach}},
        publisher = {Longman, London}}
 
@book{Holmes:speech,
        year = {1988},
        author = {J. N. Holmes},
        title = {{Speech Synthesis and Recognition}},
        publisher = {Van Nostrand and Reinhold}}
 
@techreport{Sharman:HMM,
        year = {1990},
        author = {R. A. Sharman},
        title = {{Hidden Markov Model Methods for Word Tagging}},
        institution = {IBM UK Scientific Centre},
        number = {UKSC 214}}
 
@article{Kupiec:pos,
        author = {Julian Kupiec},
        title = {{Robust Part-of-speech Tagging Using a Hidden Markov Model}},
        journal = {Computer Speech and Language}, 
        Year = {1992}, 
        Volume = {6}}
@PHDTHESIS{FaganPhd87,
        AUTHOR = "Joel L. Fagan",
        TITLE = "Experiments in Automatic Phrase Indexing for Document
                  Retrieval: A Comparison of Syntactic and
                  Non-Syntactic Methods",
        SCHOOL = "Cornell University",
        YEAR = 1987,
        MONTH = "September"
        }

          
@INPROCEEDINGS{ECAI96,
        AUTHOR = {G. Grefenstette},
        TITLE = "Light Parsing as Finite State Filtering",
        BOOKTITLE = "Workshop on 
        Extended finite state models of language",
        PUBLISHER =  {ECAI'96},
        ADDRESS = "Budapest, Hungary",
        MONTH = "Aug 11--12",
        YEAR = 1996
        }


@INPROCEEDINGS{GGsigir92,
        AUTHOR = "G. Grefenstette" ,
        TITLE  = "Use of Syntactic Context to Produce Term
		Association Lists for Text Retrieval",
        ORGANIZATION = "ACM",
	BOOKTITLE = "Proceedings of SIGIR'92",
        YEAR = "1992",
        MONTH = "June 21-24",
        ADDRESS = "Copenhagen, Denmark",
        ANNOTE = "" }

@inproceedings{CornellTREC4,
author = "Chris Buckley and Amit Singhal and Mindhar Mitra",
title = "New Retrieval Approaches Using SMART: TREC4",
editor={D.K. Harman},
booktitle={The Fourth Text REtrieval Conference ({TREC-4})},
publisher={U.S. Department of Commerce},
year = 1996,
pages = "25--48",
note =  "NIST Special Publication 500--236"
}

@inproceedings{trec4,
author = { Marti Hearst and Jan Pedersen and Peter Pirolli and
 Hinrich Sch{\"u}tze and Gregory Grefenstette and David Hull},
title = {Xerox {TREC-4} Site Report},
editor={D.K. Harman},
booktitle={The Fourth Text REtrieval Conference ({TREC-4})},
publisher={U.S. Department of Commerce},
year = 1996,
note = "NIST Special Publication 500--236"
}
@inproceedings{trec5,
author = {David A. Hull and Gregory Grefenstette and B. Maximilian Schulze and Hinrich Sch{\"u}tze and Jan Pedersen},
title = {Xerox {TREC-5} Site Report:Routing, Filtering, NLP, and Spanish Tracks },
editor={D.K. Harman},
booktitle={The Fifth Text REtrieval Conference ({TREC-5})},
publisher={U.S. Department of Commerce},
year = 1997,
note = "NIST Special Publication 500"
}

@inproceedings{cutting91b,
  author =      "Douglass R. Cutting and Jan O. Pedersen and 
                                Per-Kristian Halvorsen",
  title =       "An Object-Oriented Architecture for Text Retrieval",
  booktitle =   "Conference Proceedings of {RIAO}'91, Intelligent Text
                 and Image Handling, {Barcelona}, {Spain}",
  year =        1991,
  pages =       "285--298",
  month =       "April",
  note =        "Also available as Xerox PARC technical report SSL-90-83"
}

@Article{Dun93,
  Author = "Ted Dunning",
  Title = "Accurate Methods for the Statistics of Surprise and
                Coincidence", 
  Journal = "Computational Linguistics",
  Volume = 19,
  Number = 1,
  Pages = "61-74",
  Year = 1993 }

@InProceedings{sigir95,
  Author = {Hinrich Sch{\"u}tze and David Hull and Jan Pedersen},
  Title = {A Comparison of Document Representations and Classifiers 
                for the Routing Problem},
  Booktitle = "Proc. 18th Int'l Conference on R\&D in IR (SIGIR)",
  Pages = "229-237",
  Year = 1995 }

@article{fuhr94,
        title = "Probabilistic Information Retrieval as a
        Combination of Abstraction, Inductive Learning, and
	Probabilistic Assumptions",
        author = " Norbert Fuhr and Ulrich Pfeifer",
        journal = "ACM TOIS",
        volume = 12,
        number = 1, 
        month  = "Jan",
        year  =  1994
}

@inproceedings{ccg94,
author = {Wm. S. Cooper and Aitao Chen and Fredric C. Gey},
title = {Full Text Retrieval based on Probabilistic Equations with
Coefficients fitted by Logistic Regression},
pages = {57--66},
editor={D.K. Harman},
booktitle={The Second Text REtrieval Conference ({TREC-2})},
publisher={U.S. Department of Commerce},
year = 1994 }

@inproceedings{city95,
author = {S.E. Robertson et al.},
title = {Okapi at {TREC-3}},
pages = {57--66},
editor={D.K. Harman},
booktitle={The Third Text REtrieval Conference ({TREC-3})},
publisher={U.S. Department of Commerce},
year = 1995 }

@inproceedings{CornellTREC3,
author = {Chris Buckley and Gerard Salton and James Allen and Amit Singhal},
title = {Automatic Query Expansion Using SMART: {TREC-3}},
editor={D.K. Harman},
booktitle={The Third Text REtrieval Conference ({TREC-3})},
publisher={U.S. Department of Commerce},
year = 1995 }

 
 
@ARTICLE{SaltonYangYu1976,
        AUTHOR = "Gerard Salton and C. S. Yang and C. T. Yu",
        TITLE = "A Theory of Term Importance in Automatic Text Analysis",
        JOURNAL = "JASIS",
        VOLUME = 26,
        NUMBER = 1,
        PAGES = "33--44",
        YEAR = 1975
}
 

% kenstyle
% additions, changes by Ken

% AAAA
                  
@book{antworth:1990,
        year = 1990,
        author = "Evan L. Antworth",
        title = "{PC-KIMMO}: a two-level processor for morphological analysis",
        series = "Occasional publications in academic computing",
        number = 16,
        publisher = "Summer Institute of Linguistics",
        address = "Dallas"
}

% BBBB

# on encoding the Jr. part of the author name, see p. 399
@inproceedings{barton:1986a,
        author = "Barton, Jr., G. Edward",
        year = 1986,
        title = "Constraint propogation in {KIMMO} systems",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the Conference, 24th Annual Meeting of
        the Association for Computational Linguistics",
        month = jun # "~10-13",
        publisher = "Columbia University",
        pages = "45--52"
}

@inproceedings{barton:1986b,
        author = "Barton, Jr., G. Edward",
        year = 1986,
        title = "Computational Complexity in Two-Level Morphology",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the Conference, 24th Annual Meeting of
        the Association for Computational Linguistics",
        month = jun # "~10-13",
        publisher = "Columbia University",
        pages = "53--59"
}


@BOOK{barton+berwick+ristad:1987,
        AUTHOR = "Barton, Jr., G. E[dward]  and R. C. Berwick and
		E. S. Ristad",
        TITLE = "Computational complexity and natural language",
        YEAR = 1987,
	PUBLISHER = "{MIT Press}",
        ADDRESS = "Cambridge, Mass.",
	NOTE = ""
        }

@incollection{barton:1987,
        author = "Barton, Jr., G. Edward",
        year = 1987,
        title = "The Complexity of Two-Level Morphology",
        booktitle = "Computational Complexity and Natural Language",
        editor = "G. E. Barton and R. Berwick and E. Ristad",
        address = "Cambridge, MA",
        publisher = "MIT Press"
}


% 11th International Conference on Computational Linguistics
% held in Bonn
@inproceedings{bear:1986,
        author = "John Bear",
        year = 1986,
        title = "A morphological recognizer with syntactic and phonological
        rules",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'86",
        publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
        month = aug # "25--29",
        pages = "272--276"
}
% didn't like injecting feature symbols (e.g. stress marks) into
% lexical strings to get things right; and cited cases like piano(s)
% vs. potato(es) to argue that you need D-PATR features (passed along
% and unified as you go) to constrain morphotactic dependencies.

                  
@book{beesley+karttunen:2000,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley and Lauri Karttunen",
        title = "Finite-State Morphology: {X}erox Tools and Techniques",
        year = 2000,
        note = "Submitted to Cambridge University Press"
}

@book{beesley+karttunen:2001,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley and Lauri Karttunen",
        title = "Finite-State Morphology: {X}erox Tools and Techniques",
        year = 2001,
        publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
        address = "Cambridge",
        note = "Forthcoming"
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{beesley:1988,
	AUTHOR = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
	TITLE = "Language Identifier: A Computer Program for Automatic
    Natural-Language Identification of On-line Text",
        BOOKTITLE = "Language at Crossroads: Proceedings of the 29th
                  Annual Conference of the American Translators Association",
        PAGES = "47--54",
	YEAR = "Oct 12--16 1988"
}
                  
@inproceedings{beesley:1989,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        year = 1989,
        title = "Computer Analysis of {Arabic} Morphology:  A Two-Level Approach with Detours",
        booktitle = "Third Annual Symposium on {Arabic} Linguistics",
        address = "Salt Lake City",
        month = mar # "~3-4",
        publisher = "University of Utah",
        note = "Published as Beesley, 1991"}

@inproceedings{beesley+newton:1989,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley and Stuart N. Newton",
        year = 1989,
        title = "Computer Analysis of {A}ymar\'a Morphology: A Two-Level, Finite-State Approach",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Deseret Language and Linguistics Symposium",
        address = "Provo, Utah",
        month = mar # "~13--14",
        pages = "126-144",
        publisher = "Brigham Young University"}


@inproceedings{beesley+buckwalter+newton:1989,
        year = 1989,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley and Tim Buckwalter and Stuart N. Newton",
        title = "Two-Level Finite-State Analysis of {Arabic} Morphology",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the Seminar on Bilingual Computing in {Arabic} and {English}",
        address = "Cambridge, England",
        month = sep # "~6-7",
        note = "No pagination"}

@inproceedings{beesley:1990,
        year = 1990,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        title = "Finite-State Description of {Arabic} Morphology",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Cambridge Conference on Bilingual Computing in {Arabic} and {English}",
        month = sep # "~5-7",
        note = "No pagination"}

@incollection{beesley:1991,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        year = 1991,
        title = "Computer Analysis of {Arabic} Morphology:  A Two-Level Approach with Detours",
        booktitle = "Perspectives on {Arabic} Linguistics III: Papers from the Third Annual Symposium on {Arabic} Linguistics",
        editor = "Bernard Comrie and Mushira Eid",
        address = "Amsterdam",
        publisher = "John Benjamins",
        pages = "155--172",
        note = "Read originally at the Third Annual Symposium on {Arabic}
        Linguistics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 3-4 March
        1989"
}


@article{beesley:1992a,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        year = 1992,
        title = "{Klingon} Two-Level Morphology, Part 1: Nouns",
        journal = "{HolQeD}",
        volume = 1,
        number = 2,
        month = jun,
        pages = "16--24"
}


@article{beesley:1992b,
         author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        year = 1992,
        title = "{Klingon} Morphology, Part 2: Verbs",
        journal = "{HolQeD}",
        volume = 1,
        number = 3,
        month = sep,
        pages = "10--18"
}       


@inproceedings{beesley:1996,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        year = 1996,
        title = "{Arabic} Finite-State Morphological Analysis and Generation",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'96",
        volume = 1,
        pages = "89--94",
        month = aug # "~5-9",
        organization = "Center for Sprogteknologi",
        address = "Copenhagen",
        note = "The 16th International Conference on Computational
        Linguistics"
}
                  
% ALS Stem Intersection paper, written 1997, read 1998
% accepted for publication, but ALS moves slowly
% replace this entry by one below if it appears in published form
@unpublished{beesley:1998b,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        year = 1998,
        title = "{A}rabic Stem Morphotactics via Finite-State Intersection",
        note = "Paper presented at the 12th {S}ymposium on {A}rabic Linguistics,
        {A}rabic Linguistic Society, 6-7 {M}arch, 1998, {C}hampaign, {IL}."
}

% overview paper                 
@inproceedings{beesley:1998a,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        year = 1998,
        month = apr # "~17-18",
        title = "{A}rabic Morphological Analysis on the {I}nternet",
        booktitle = "{ICEMCO--98}",
        address = "Cambridge",
        organization = "{C}entre for {M}iddle {E}astern Studies",
        note = {Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and
                          Exhibition on Multi-lingual Computing.  Paper
                                            number 3.1.1; no pagination.}                
}

@techreport{beesley:2000a,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        title = "A Note on Phonologically Conditioned Selection of Verbalization Suffixes in {A}ymara",
        year = "2000",
        month = jul,
        institution = "Xerox Research Centre Europe"}
        
        

@techreport{beesley:2000b,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        title = "Finite-State Morphological Analysis and Generation for {A}ymara: Project Report",
        year = "2000",
        month = jul,
        institution = "Xerox Research Centre Europe"}

@inproceedings{beesley+karttunen:2000b,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley and Lauri Karttunen",
        year = 2000,
        month = aug # "~5-6",
        title = "Finite-State Non-Concatenative Morphotactics",
        booktitle = "COLING Finite-State Phonology Workshop Proceedings",
        address = "Luxembourg",
        organization = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
        pages = "1--12"
}


%%inproceedings{beesley:1998b,
%%        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
%%        year = 1998,
%%        title = "{A}rabic Stem Morphotactics via Finite-State Intersection",
%%        booktitle = "ALS--98",
%%        address = "Champaign, IL",
%%        organization = "Arabic Linguistics Society",
%%        note = "To appear."
%%}


                  
% Bilkent separated dependencies paper
@inproceedings{beesley:1998c,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        year = 1998,
        title = "Constraining Separated Morphotactic Dependencies in
        Finite-State Grammars",
        booktitle = "{FSMNLP--98}",
        pages = "118--127",
        organization = "Bilkent University",
        address = "Bilkent"
}


% COLING'98 paper
@inproceedings{beesley:1998d,
         author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
         year = 1998,
         title = "Consonant Spreading in {A}rabic Stems",
         booktitle = "COLING-ACL'98",
         volume = 1,
         pages = "117--123",
         month = aug # "~10-14",
         organization = "Universit{\'e} de Montr{\'e}al",
         address = "Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec",
         note = "36th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, and 17th International Conference on Computational Linguistics"
}

% COLING'98 Workshop paper 
@inproceedings{beesley:1998e,
        author = "Kenneth R. Beesley",
        year = 1998,
        title = "Arabic Morphology Using only Finite-State Operations",
        booktitle = "Computational Approaches to Semitic Languages: Proceedings of the Workshop",
        pages = "50--57",
        month = aug # "~16",
        organization = "Universit{\'e} de Montr{\'e}al",
        editor = "Michael Rosner",
        address = "Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec"
}


@book{beeston:1968,
        author = "A. F. L. Beeston",
        year = 1968,
        title = "Written {Arabic}: an approach to the basic structures",
        address = "Cambridge",
        publisher = "Cambridge University Press"
}


@inproceedings{bird+blackburn:1991,
        author = "Steven Bird and Patrick Blackburn",
        year = 1991,
        title = "A logical approach to {Arabic} phonology",
        booktitle = "EACL-91",
        pages = "89--94"
}

@book{blaberg:1994,
        author = "Olli Bl{\aa}berg",
        year = 1994,
        title = "The Ment Model---Complex States in Finite State
        Morphology",
        series = "Ruul",
        number = 27,
        publisher = "Uppsala University",
        address = "Uppsala"
}

@inproceedings{black+etal:1987,
        author = "A. Black and G. Ritchie and S. Pulman and G. Russell",
        year = 1987,
        title = "Formalisms for morphographemic description",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
        pages = "11--18"
}

% worth looking at?
@book{booij+marle:1996,
        editor = "Geert Booij and Jaap van Marle",
        year = 1996,
        title = "Yearbook of Morphology:1996",
        publisher = "Kluwer",
        address = "Dordrecht"
}

@book{briggs:1993,
        author = "Lucy Therina Briggs",
        year = 1993,
        title = "El Idioma {A}ymara: Variantes regionales y sociales",
        publisher = "ILCA",
        address = "La Paz"
}

% confirm this before entering it
%Bowden, T
%Kiraz,G
%1995
%A morphographemic model for error correction in nonconcatenative strings.
%in
%Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computional Linguistics,
%24-30



@inproceedings{buckwalter:1990,
        author = "Timothy A. Buckwalter",
        year = 1990,
        title = "Lexicographic Notation of {Arabic} Noun Pattern Morphemes and Their Inflectional Features",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second Cambridge Conference on Bilingual Computing in {Arabic} and {English}",
        month = sep # "~5-7",
        note = "No pagination."
}


@article{burke+wells-jensen:1999,
        author = "Sean M. Burke and Sheri Wells-Jensen",
        year = 1999,
        title = "Braille Contractions and Regular Expressions",
        journal = "The Perl Journal",
        volume = 4, 
        number = 3,
        pages = "18--25",
}


% CCCC

@inproceedings{carter:1995,
        author = "D. Carter",
        year = 1995,
        title = "Rapid development of morphological descriptions for full language processing systems",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the Seventh Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
        pages = "202--209"
}

@book{chomsky+halle:1968,
        author = "Noam Chomsky and Morris Halle",
        year = 1968,
        title = "The Sound Pattern of {E}nglish",
        publisher = "Harper and Row",
        address = "New York"
}

% chomsky:1951

@book{chomsky:1979,
        author = "Noam Chomsky",
        year = 1979,
        title = "Morphophonemics of Modern Hebrew",
        publisher = "Garland",
        address = "New York and London",
        note = "Publication of 1951 Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Pennsylvania."
}


@book{cohen:1986,
        author = "Daniel I.A. Cohen",
        year = 1986,
        title = "Introduction to Computer Theory",
        publisher = "Wiley",
        address = "New York"
}

@book{coulmas:1989,
        author = "Florian Coulmas",
        year = 1989,
        title = "The Writing Systems of the World",
        publisher = "Blackwell",
        address = "Oxford"
}


% DDDD

@book{dalrympleetal:1983,
        editor = "Mary Dalrymple and Edit Doron and John Goggin and
        Beverley Goodman and John McCarthy",
        year = 1983,
        title = "Texas Linguistic Forum, Vol. 22",
        publisher = "Department of Linguistics, The University of Texas at
        Austin",
        address = "Austin, {TX}"
}
        
                  
@book{daniels+bright:1996,
        author = "Peter T. Daniels and William Bright",
        year = 1996,
        title = "The World\verb!'!s Writing Systems",
        publisher = "Oxford University Press",
        address = "Oxford"
}

                  
% EEEE

%Eisner, Jason 1997 "Efficient Generation in Primitive Optimality Theory"
%Proceedings of the ACL 97 (to appear?)  also avail. as ROA-206
%Response to Ellison 94; he points out that trad. OT lacks rigor; need
%formalization to make OT falsifiable (scientific) and for computerization

@inproceedings{eisner:1997,
        author = "Jason Eisner",
        year = 1997,
        title = "Efficient Generation in Primitive {O}ptimality {T}heory",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the 35th Annual ACL and 8th EACL",
        pages = "313--320",
        address = "Madrid",
        month = jul ,
        publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics"
}

% Ellison, T.Mark  (1994) Phonological Derivation in Optimality Theory
% COLING'94 Vol II, pp 1007-13  also avail ROA-75
% tries to formalize OT Gen function, specifying that it produces a union
% of potential realizations that is regular; then the constraints are
% FSTs mapping potential realizations to harmony rankings [he intersects
% the FSTs--and this may be invalid. but he could get away with it if
% he's really treating them as FSMs; Lauri thinks Ellison's work is
% superseded by Jason Eisner's; Ellison refers to Bird 1994, "Computational
% Phonology: A Constraint-Based Approach" and Bird & Ellison (1994) as
% a competing "one-level" constraint-based system, where constraints
% cannot be violated]
% 



% FFFF

% requested from Irene
@inproceedings{fox:1982,
        author = "S. E. Fox",
        year = 1982,
        title = "Augosegmental phonology and {S}emitic",
        booktitle = "Papers from the 18th Regional Meeting, CLS",
        pages = "131--139",
        address = "Chicago",
        publisher = "Chicago Linguistics Society"
}



% requested from Irene
@inproceedings{fraser+bobrow:1969,
        author = "B. Fraser and D.G. Bobrow",
        year = 1969,
        title = "An Augmented State Transition Network Analysis Procedure",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the International joint Conference on
        Artificial Intelligence",
        month = may,
        address = "Washington D.C."
}


% GGG

%Gader, Nabil
%Vers un analyseur morphologique de l'arabe non vocalis{\'e}, partiellement vocalis{\'e} ou compl{\`e}tement vocalis{\'e}


@unpublished{gafos:1995,
        author = "Adamantios Gafos",
        year = 1995,
        month = dec # "~11",
        title = "On the proper characterization of `nonconcatenative' languages",
        note = "ROA-106.  Chapter from Ph.D. dissertation \emph{The Articulatory Basis of Locality in Phonology}"
}

@incollection{gajek:1983,
        author = "Oliver Gajek and Hanno T. Beck and Diane Elder and Greg Whittemore",
        year = 1983,
        title = "{LISP} Implementation",
        booktitle = "Texas Linguistic Forum, Vol. 22",
        editor = "Mary Dalrymple and Edit Doron and John Goggin and Beverly
        Goodman and John McCarthy",
        address = "Austin, TX",
        pages = "187--202",
        publisher = "Department of Linguistics, The University of Texas at Austin"
}

@inproceedings{gerdemann+vannoord:2000,
        author = "Dale Gerdemann and Gertjan van Noord",
        year = 2000,
        month = aug # "~5-6",
        title = "Approximation and Exactness in Finite State {O}ptimality {T}heory",
        booktitle = "COLING Finite-State Phonology Workshop Proceedings",
        address = "Luxembourg",
        organization = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
        pages = "34--45"
}


% HHHH

%[a response to Grover Hudson 1986; see also Hudson 1991 for
%a response to Haile & Mtenje 1988] requested LIRF 24 Nov 97
@article{haile+mtenje:1988,
        author = "A. Haile and A. Mtenje",
        year = 1988,
        title = "In defence of the autosegmental treatment of nonconcatenative morphology",
        journal = "Journal of Linguistics",
        volume = 24, 
        pages = "433--455",
        note = "Reply to Hudson:1986"
}

@book{halle+clements:1983,
        author = "Morris Halle and G. N. Clements",
        year = 1983,
        title = "Problem Book in Phonology: A Workbook for Introductory
        Courses in Linguistics and in Modern Phonology",
        publisher = "MIT Press",
        address = "Cambridge, MA"
}

@book{hardman+vasquez+yapita:1988,
        author = "Martha J. Hardman and Juana V\'asquez and Juan de Dios Yapita",
        year = 1988,
        title = "Aymara: Compendio de estructura fonol\'ogica y gramatical",
        publisher = "ILCA",
        address = "La Paz"
}

@article{harris:1941,
        author = "Zelig Harris",
        year = 1941,
        title = "Linguistic structure of {Hebrew}",
        journal = "Journal of the American Oriental Society",
        volume = 62,
        pages = "143--167"
}

@book{holes:1995,
        author = "Clive Holes",
        year = 1995,
        title = "Modern {A}rabic: Structures, Functions and Varieties",
        publisher = "Longman",
        address = "London"
}


% requested from Irene
%  Harris 1951

@article{hudson:1986,
        author = "Grover Hudson",
        year = 1986,
        title = "{Arabic} root and pattern morphology without tiers",
        journal = "Journal of Linguistics",
        volume = 22,
        pages = "85--122",
        note = "Reply to McCarthy:1981"
}


! have offprint now
@article{hudson:1991,
        author = "Grover Hudson",
        year = 1991,
        title = "On a defence of autosegmentalism",
        journal = "Journal of Linguistics",
        volume = 27,
        pages = "163--177",
        note = "Reply to Haile \& Mtenje:1988"
}




% IIII
% JJJJ

@book{johnson:1972,
	author         = "C. Douglas Johnson",
	year           = 1972,
	title          = "Formal Aspects of Phonological Description",
	publisher      = "Mouton",
	address        = "The Hague"
}

@inproceedings{johnson:1998,
        title = "Finite State Approximation of Constraint-based
                 Grammars using Left-corner Grammar Transforms",
        author = "Mark Johnson",
        year = 1998,
        booktitle = "{COLING/ACL}'98",
        address = "Montr{\'e}al, Qu{\'e}bec"
}
% KKKK

@book{kager:1999,
       author = "Reni Kager",
       title = "Optimality Theory",
       year = 1999,
       publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
       address = "Cambridge, England"
}
@inproceedings{kaplan+kay:1981,
        year = 1981,
        author = "Ronald M. Kaplan and Martin Kay",
        title = "Phonological rules and finite-state transducers",
        booktitle = "Linguistic Society of America Meeting Handbook, Fifty-Sixth Annual Meeting",
        address = "New York",
        month = dec # "~27-30",
        note = "Abstract",
}

@article{kaplan+kay:1994,
        year = 1994,
        author = "Ronald M. Kaplan and Martin Kay",
        title = "Regular Models of Phonological Rule Systems",
        journal = "Computational Linguistics",
        volume = 20,
        number = 3,
        pages = "331--378"
}


% or is the title without the KIMMO part???
@incollection{karttunen:1983,
        year =  1983,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen",
        title = "{KIMMO}: a general morphological processor",
        booktitle = "Texas Linguistic Forum, Vol. 22",
        editor = "Mary Dalrymple and Edit Doron and John Goggin and
        Beverley Goodman and John McCarthy",
        address = "Austin, TX",
        pages = "165--186",
        publisher = "Department of Linguistics, The University of Texas at Austin"
}

% intro to D-PATR, defense of having negation and disjunction in feature specifications                  
@incollection{karttunen:1984,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen",
        year = 1984,
        title = "Features and Values",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'84",
        month = jul # "2--6"
}

@incollection{karttunen:1981,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen and Hans Uszkoreit and Rebecca Root",
        year = 1981,
        title = "Morphological Analysis of {F}innish by Computer",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the 71st Annual Meeting of {SASS}",
        address = "Albuquerque, New Mexico"
}

@incollection{karttunen:1986,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen",
        year = 1986,
        title = "D-PATR: A Development Environment for Unification-Based
        Grammars",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'86",
        pages = "74--80"
}        

% greg had 1990 for this paper
@inproceedings{karttunen:1991,
        year = 1991,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen",
        title = "Finite-State Constraints",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the International Conference on Current Issues in Computational Linguistics",
        month = jun # "~10-14",
        publisher = "{Universiti Sains Malaysia}",
        address = "Penang, Malaysia"
}

@incollection{karttunen:1993a,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen",
        year = 1993,
        title = "Finite-State Constraints",
        booktitle = "The Last Phonological Rule",
        editor = "John Goldsmith",
        publisher = "University of Chicago Press",
        address = "Chicago, Illinois."
}
                  
@INPROCEEDINGS{karttunen+kaplan+zaenen:1992,
	author		= "Lauri Karttunen and Ronald M. Kaplan and Annie Zaenen",
	year		= 1992,
	title		= "Two-Level Morphology with Composition",
	booktitle	= "{COLING}'92",
        month           = aug # "~23-28",
        ADDRESS         = "Nantes, France",
        PAGES           = "141--148"
}



@TECHREPORT{karttunen+beesley:1992,
        AUTHOR = "Lauri Karttunen and Kenneth R. Beesley",
        TITLE  = "Two-Level Rule Compiler",
        INSTITUTION = "Xerox Palo Alto Research Center",
        ADDRESS = "Palo Alto, CA",
        YEAR = "1992",
        MONTH = oct,
        NUMBER = "ISTL-92-2",
        ANNOTE =
 "http://www.xrce.xerox.com/research/mltt/fssoft/docs/twolc-92/twolc92.html"
} 

@TECHREPORT{karttunen:1993b,
        AUTHOR = "Lauri Karttunen",
        YEAR = "1993",
        TITLE  = "Finite-State Lexicon Compiler",
        INSTITUTION = "Xerox Palo Alto Research Center",
        ADDRESS = "Palo Alto, CA",
        MONTH = apr,
        NUMBER = "ISTL-NLTT-1993-04-02",
        ANNOTE = ""
}   

@TECHREPORT{karttunen+yampol:1993,
        AUTHOR = "Lauri Karttunen and Todd Yampol",
        YEAR = "1993",
        TITLE  = "Interactive Finite-State Calculus",
        INSTITUTION = "Xerox Palo Alto Research Center",
        ADDRESS = "Palo Alto, CA",
        MONTH = apr # "~9",
        NUMBER = "ISTL-NLTT--1993-04-01",
        ANNOTE = ""
} 
          
@inproceedings{karttunen:1994,
        year = 1994,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen",
        title = "Constructing Lexical Transducers",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'94",
        address = "Kyoto, Japan"
}
% Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics, Coling
                  
@INPROCEEDINGS{karttunen:1995,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen",
        year = 1995,
        title  = "The Replace Operator",
        booktitle = "{ACL}'95",
        address = "Cambridge, MA",
        note = "cmp-lg/9504032"
}

@techreport{karttunen+kempe:1995,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen and Andr{\'e} Kempe",
        year = 1995,
        title = "The Parallel Replacement Operation in Finite-State Calculus",
        institution = "Xerox Research Centre Europe",
        type = "Technical Report",
        number = "MLTT-021",
        month = dec,
        address = "Grenoble, France",
        note = "http://www.xrce.xerox.com/publis/mltt/mltttech.html"
}

@techreport{karttunen+kempe:1995noURL,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen and Andr{\'e} Kempe",
        year = 1995,
        title = "The Parallel Replacement Operation in Finite-State Calculus",
        institution = "Xerox Research Centre Europe",
        type = "Technical Report",
        number = "MLTT-021",
        month = dec,
        address = "Grenoble, France",
}

@INPROCEEDINGS{karttunen:1996,
        AUTHOR = "Lauri Karttunen",
        YEAR = 1996,
        TITLE  = "Directed Replacement",
        BOOKTITLE = "{ACL}'96",
        ADDRESS = "Santa Cruz, CA",
        NOTE = "cmp-lg/9606029"
}


@inproceedings{kempe+karttunen:1996,
        author = "Andr{\'e} Kempe and Lauri Karttunen",
        year = 1996,
        title = "Parallel Replacement in Finite-State Calculus",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'96",
        month = aug # "~5--9",
        address = "Copenhagen",
        note = "cmp-lg/9607007"
}


@inproceedings{kempe:1997,
        author = "Andr{\'e} Kempe",
        year = 1997,
        title = "Finite-State Transducers Approximating Hidden Markov Models",
        booktitle = "ACL/EACL-97",
        month = jul # "~7--10",
        address = "Madrid"
}


@inproceedings{kempe:1998,
        author = "Andr{\'e} Kempe",
        year = 1998,        
        title = "Look-Back and Look-Ahead in the Conversion of Hidden Markov Models into Finite-State Transducers",
        booktitle = "NeMLaP-3",
        month = jan # "~15--17",
        address = "Sydney",
        note = "To appear."
}


@inproceedings{karttunen:1998,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen",
        year = 1998,        
        title = "The Proper Treatment of Optimality in Computational
        Phonology",
        booktitle = "FSMNLP'98. International Workshop on Finite-State
                         Methods in Natural Language Processing",
        month = jun # "~29",
        address = "Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey",
        note = "cmp-lg/9804002"
}




% perhaps should be "expressions"???
@article{lkjpcggas96,
        author =        "Lauri Karttunen and Jean-Pierre Chanod and
                  Gregory Grefenstette and Anne Schiller",
        year = 1996,
        journal =       "Journal of Natural Language Engineering",
        publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
        title =         "Regular Expressions for Language Engineering",
        volume = 2,
        number = 4,
        pages = "305--328"
}

@article{kisseberth:1969,
        title = "On the abstractness of phonology",
        author = "Charles Kisseberth",
        journal = "Papers in Linguistics",
        year = 1969,
        volume = 1,
        pages = "248--282" 
}




@article{lucchesi+kowaltowski:1993,
        author =       "Cl{\'a}dio~L.~Lucchesi and Tomasz Kowaltowski",
        year =        1993,
        title =       "Applications of Finite Automata Representing Large Vocabularies",
        publisher =   "John Wiley & Sons",
        journal =     "Software--Practice and Experience",
        volume =      32,
        number =      1,
        pages =       "15--30"
}


@incollection{karttunen+koskenniemi+kaplan:1987,
        author = "Lauri Karttunen and Kimmo Koskenniemi and Ronald M. Kaplan",
        year = 1987,
        title = "A Compiler for Two-Level Phonological Rules",
        booktitle = "Tools for Morphological Analysis",
        editor = "Mary Dalrymple and Ronald Kaplan and Lauri Karttunen and
                  Kimmo Koskenniemi and Sami Shaio and Michael Wescoat",
        series = "CSLI Reports",
        volume = "87-108",
        publisher = "Center for the Study of Language
        and Information, Stanford University",
        pages = "1--61",
        address = "Palo Alto, CA"
}
                  
@inproceedings{koskenniemi:1986,
        author = "Kimmo Koskenniemi",
        year = 1986,
        editor = "Fred Karlsson",
        title = "Compilation of Automata from Morphological Two-Level Rules",
        booktitle = "Papers from the Fifth Scandinavian Conference on
                     Computational Linguistics",
        pages = "143--149"
}

@inproceedings{kataja+koskenniemi:1988,
        author = "Laura Kataja and Kimmo Koskenniemi",
        year = 1988,
        title = "Finite-State Description of {S}emitic Morphology: A Case
        Study of {A}ncient {A}kkadian",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'88",
        pages = "313--315"
}

@unpublished{kay:1982,
        author = "Martin Kay",
        year = 1982,
        title = "Nonconcatenative finite-state morphology",
        note = "Uncertain date.  A shorter version was later published as Kay:1987."
}

@inproceedings{kay:1987,
        author = "Martin Kay",
        year = 1987,
        title = "Nonconcatenative finite-state morphology",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
        pages = "2--10"
}


% [have]
@inproceedings{kiraz:1994a,
        author = "George Anton Kiraz",
        year = 1994,
        title = "Multi-tape two-level morphology: a case study in {S}emitic non-linear morphology",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'94",
        volume = 1,
        pages = "180--186"
}
% Papers Presented to the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics

%[have--almost identical to 1994a]
% has a short part on tone
@inproceedings{kiraz:1994aa,
        author = "George Anton Kiraz",
        year = 1994,
        title = "Multi-tape two-level morphology: a case study in {S}emitic non-linear morphology",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computational Linguistics",
        address= "Kyoto, Japan",
}









@phdthesis{kiraz:1994b,
        author = "George Anton Kiraz",
        year = 1994,
        title = "Computational Analyses of {Arabic} Morphology",
        school = "University of Cambridge"
}


%[have copy--from Web eprints? see publication ref below]
%Kiraz, George Anton
%1995?
%Analysis of the {Arabic} Broken Plurals and Diminutive

% need pages?
@inproceedings{kiraz:1996a,
        author = "George Anton Kiraz",
        year = 1996,
        title = "Analysis of the {Arabic} broken plural and diminutive",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the 5th International Conference and Exhibition on Multi-Lingual Computing"
}

@inproceedings{kiraz:1996b,
        author = "George Anton Kiraz",
        year = 1996,
        title = "Computing Prosodic Morphology",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'96",
        pages = "664--669"
}
                  
@phdthesis{kiraz:1996c,
        author = "George Anton Kiraz",
        year = 1996,
        title = "Computational Approach to Non-Linear Morphology",
        school = "University of Cambridge"
}


@inproceedings{kiraz:1996d,
        author = "George Anton Kiraz",
        year = 1996,
        title = "SEMHE: A Generalised Two-Level System",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
        address = "Santa Cruz, CA"
} 


@inproceedings{kiraz:1997,
        author = "George Anton Kiraz",
        year = 1997,
        title = "Compiling Regular Formalisms with Rule Features into Finite-State Automata",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the 35th Annual Meeting of the Association of Computational Linguistics",
        address = "Madrid"
} 

@incollection{kiraz+grimley-evans:1999,
        author = "George Anton Kiraz and Edmund Grimley-Evans",
        year = 1999,
        title = "Multi-tape Automata for Speech and Language Systems: A Prolog Implementation",
        booktitle = "Automata Implementation",
        editor = "Jean-Marc Champarnaud and Denis Maurel and Djelloul Ziadi",
        series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science",
        volume = 1660,
        publisher = "Springer Verlag",
        address = "Berlin, Germany"
}


@inproceedings{kiraz:1998,
        author = "George Anton Kiraz",
        year = 1998,
        title = "Arabic Computational Morphology in the West",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the 6th International Conference and Exhibition on Multi-Lingual Computing",
        address = "Cambridge, England*"
} 

@article{kiraz:2000,
        author = "George Anton Kiraz",
        year = 2000,
        title = "Multitiered Nonlinear Morphology Using Multitape Finite Automata: A Case Study on {S}yriac and {A}rabic",
        journal = "Computational Linguistics",
        volume = 26,
        number = 1,
        pages = "77--105"
}



% not published (yet)
% compare to 1996 paper
%%inproceedings{kiraz:1998,
%%        author = "George Anton Kiraz",
%%        year = 1998,
%%        title = "SEMHE: A Generalised Two-Level System",
%%        booktitle = "ALS--98",
%%        address = "Champaign, IL",
%%        organization = "Arabic Linguistics Society",
%%        note = "To appear."
%%}
       
@incollection{kornai:1996,
        author = "Andr{\'a}s Kornai",
        year = 1996,
        title = "Vectorized Finite State Automata",
        booktitle = "Extended Finite State Models of Language: ECAI'96",
        month = aug # "11--16",
        pages = "36--41",
        publisher = "European Coordinating Committee for Artificial
        Intelligence (ECCAI)",
        address = "Budapest"
}

@book{KornaiEFSML,
   title = {Extented Finite State Models of Language},
   editor = {Andr{\'a}s Kornai},
   year = 1999,
   publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
   address = {Cambridge, England}
}


% a Ph.D. dissertation, but published in a series like a tech report
@techreport{koskenniemi:1983,
        author = "Kimmo Koskenniemi",
        year = 1983,
        title = "Two-level morphology: A general computational model for word-form recognition and production",
        type = "Publication",
        number = 11,
        institution = "University of Helsinki, Department of General Linguistics",
        address = "Helsinki"
}

@inproceedings{koskenniemi:1984,
        author = "Kimmo Koskenniemi",
        year = 1984,
        title = "A General Computational Model for Word-Form Recognition and Production",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'84",
        pages = "178--181"
}


@inproceedings{koskenniemi+church:1988,
        author = "Kimmo Koskenniemi and Kenneth Church",
        year = 1988,
        title = "Complexity, Two-Level Morphology and Finnish",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'88",
        pages = "335--339"
}

@incollection{laporte:1997,
        author = "{\'E}ric Laporte",
        year = 1997,
        title = "Rational Transductions for Phonetic
                 Conversion and Phonology",
	EDITOR = "Emmanuel Roche and Yves Schabes",
	BOOKTITLE = "Finite-State Language Processing",
        PUBLISHER = "MIT Press",
	ADDRESS = "Cambridge, Massachusetts",
	CHAPTER = 14,
        PAGES = "407--429",
}

% LLLL

@inproceedings{lavieetal:1988,
        author = "Alon Lavie and Alon Itai and Uzzi Ornan and Mori Romon",
        year = 1988,
        title = "On the Applicability of Two Level Morphology to the Inflection of {H}ebrew Verbs",
        booktitle = "ALLC III",
        pages = "246--260"
}

% MMMM


% mccarthy:1979  was his dissertation, part was published as 1981


% have
% information confirmed
@article{mccarthy:1981,
        author = "John J. McCarthy",
        year = 1981,
        title = "A Prosodic Theory of Nonconcatenative Morphology",
        journal = "Linguistic Inquiry",
        volume = 12,
        number = 3,
        pages = "373--418"
}

@incollection{mccarthy:1982,
        author = "John J. McCarthy",
        year = 1982,
        title = "Prosodic Templates, Morphemic Templates, and Morphemic Tiers",
        booktitle = "The Structure of Phonological Representations",
        number = 1,
        editor = "Harry van der Hulst and Norval Smith",
        publisher = "Foris",
        address = "Dordrecht"
}
        

% interesting?  obtainable?
@incollection{mccarthy:1983,
        author = "John J. McCarthy",
        year = 1983,
        title = "A prosodic account of {Arabic} broken plurals",
        booktitle = "Current Trends in African Linguistics I",
        editor = "I. Dihoff",
        publisher = "MIT Press",
        address = "Cambridge, MA"
}

% interesting?  obtainable?
@incollection{mccarthy:1984,
        author = "John J. McCarthy",
        year = 1984,
        title = "Prosodic Structure in Morphology",
        booktitle = "Language Sound Structure",
        editor = "M. Aronoff and R. Oehrle",
        publisher = "MIT Press",
        address = "Cambridge, MA"
}


% interesting? not available in Rutgers Optimality Archive
@article{mccarthy:1986,
        author = "John J. McCarthy",
        year = 1986,
        title = "OCP Effects: Gemination and Antigemination",
        journal = "Linguistic Inquiry",
        volume = 17,
        pages = "207--263"
}


%  [not available through Rutgers Optimality Archive]
@article{mccarthy:1989,
        author = "John J. McCarthy",
        year = 1989,
        title = "Linear Order in Phonological Representation",
        journal = "Linguistic Inquiry",
        volume = 20,
        pages = "71--99"
}


% have
% information confirmed
@inproceedings{mccarthy:1993,
        author = "John J. McCarthy",
        year = 1993,
        title = "Template form in prosodic morphology",
        booktitle = "Papers from the Third Annual Formal Linguistics Society of Midamerica Conference",
        editor = "Laurel Smith Stvan and Stephen Ryberg and Mari Broman Olsen and Talke Macfarland and Linda {DiDesidero} and Anne Bertram and Larin Adams",
        pages = "187--218",
        organization = "Indiana University Linguistics Club",
        address = "Bloomington, Indiana"
}


%John J. McCarthy
%1993  Generalized Alignment
%Yearbook of Morphology 1993, 79-153
%ROA-7 [downloaded]

% not in our XRCE library
% check author:  McCarthy and Prince???
% check title:  "The Handbook of Phonology"???

@incollection{mccarthy:1994a,
        author = "John J. McCarthy",
        year = 1994,
        title = "Prosodic Morphology",
        booktitle = "The Handbook of Phonological Theory",
        chapter = 9,
        editor = "John Goldsmith",
        pages = "318--366",
        address = "Oxford",
        publisher = "Blackwell"
}

% downloaded
@inproceedings{mccarthy:1994b,
        author = "John J. McCarthy",
        year = 1994,
        title = "Optimality in Prosodic Morphology: The Emergence of the Unmarked",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of NELS",
        number = 24,
        pages = "333--379",
        address = "Amherst, MA",
        note = "ROA-13"
}

% downloaded
@techreport{mccarthy:1995,
        author = "John J. McCarthy",
        year = 1995,
        title = "Faithfulness and Reduplicative Identity",
        institution = "University of Massachusetts",
        type = "Occasional papers in Linguistics",
        number = 18,
        pages = "249--384",
        note = "ROA-60",
        address = "Amherst, MA"
}

%1995  "Two Lectures on Prosodic Morphology"  ms  ROA-59
%[downloaded]





%McCarthy and others
%1996 Reduplication and segmental unmarkedness.  ms
%ROA-134 Rutgets Optimality Archive
%[doesn't seem obviously relevant, unless I need to get
%deeper into reduplication]did not download--see also ROA-226
%ROA-125]

% McCarthy or M. and Prince?
%1997 Process-specific constraints in Optimality Theory"
%	Linguistic Inquiry 28, 231-251
%ROA-114
%[downloaded in .ps for a look--abstract says that it
%deals with harmony in Palestinian Arabic?]

% McCarthy or M. and Prince?
%1997  "Faithfulness and Identity in Prosodic Morphology
%ms  ROA-216 [downloaded]


% McCarthy or M. and Prince?
%to appear
%Prosodic Morphology I:  Constraint Interaction and Satisfaction,
%Cambridge, MA  MIT PRess
%for ordering info, see http://ruccs.rutgers.edu/tech_rpt.html


% worth looking for?
@incollection{mccarthy+prince:1988,
        author = "John J. McCarthy and Alan Prince",
        year = 1988,
        title = "Quantitative Transfer in Reduplicative and Templatic Morphology",
        booktitle = "Linguistics in the Morning Calm",
        volume = 2, 
        pages = "3--35",
        address = "Seoul",
        publisher = "Hanshin Publishing Co.",
}

% [requested, Irene, 29 Jan 97, Calliope seems to have only Vol 14]
% check title:  "plural" or "plurals"????
% in McCarthy 93, he cites pp 209-282 and "plurals" in the title
% check pages: 282, or 283????
@article{mccarthy+prince:1990a,
        author = "John J. McCarthy and Alan Prince",
        year = 1990,
        title = "Foot and Word in Prosodic Morphology: The {Arabic} Broken Plurals",
        journal = "Natural Language and Linguistic Theory",
        volume = 8,
        pages = "209--282"
}


% [check with Tim]
% try to see this in Utah?  YES--request thru Irene was cancelled at my
                  % request (take too much time)
@inproceedings{mccarthy+prince:1990b,
        author = "John J. McCarthy and Alan Prince",
        year = 1990,
        title = "Prosodic Morphology and Templatic Morphology",
        booktitle = "Perspectives on {Arabic} Linguistics II: Papers from the Second Annual Symposium on {Arabic} Linguistics",
        editor = "Mushira Eid and John J. McCarthy",
        pages = "1--54",
        publisher = "John Benjamins",
        address = "Amsterdam"
}
@inproceedings{mccarthy+prince:1995,
        author = "John J. McCarthy and Alan Prince",
        title = "Faithfulness and Identity in Prosodic Morphology",
        year = 1995,
        booktitle = "The Prosody-Morphology Interface",
        editors = "R. Kager and H. van der Hulst and W. Zonneveld",
        publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
        address = "Cambridge, England"
}

@book{mccarthy:2002,
       author = "John J. McCarthy",
       title = "The Foundations of Optimality Theory",
       year = 2002,
       publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
       address = "Cambridge, England"
}

% NNNN

@inproceedings{narayanan+hashem:1993,
        author = "A. Narayanan and L. Hashem",
        year = 1993,
        title = "On abstract finite-state morphology",
        booktitle = "Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics",
        pages = "297--304"
}


% OOOO

@book{okrand:1985,
        author = "Marc Okrand",
        year = 1985,
        title = "The {Klingon} Dictionary:{English/Klingon}, {Klingon/English}",
        publisher = "Pocket Books",
        address = "New York"
}


% PPPP

@book{partee+termeulen+wall:1993,
        author = "B. H. Partee and A. ter Meulen and R. E. Wall",
        title = "Mathematical Methods in Linguistics",
        publisher = "Kluwer",
        address = "Dordrecht",
        year = 1993
}

@techreport{petitpierre+russel:1995,
        author = "Dominique Petitpierre and Graham Russel",
        title = "{MMORPH} --- The Multext Morphology Program",
        publisher = "ISSCO",
        address = "Carouge, Switzerland",
        year = 1995,
        note = "Multext Deliverable 2.3.1"
}

@incollection{pulman:1991,
        author = "S. Pulman",
        year = 1991,
        title = "Two level morphology",
        chapter = 5,
        booktitle = "ET6/1 Rule Formalism and Virtual Machine Design Study",
        editor = "H. Alshawi and D. Arnold and R. Backofen and D. Carter and J. Lindop and K. Netter and S. Pulman and J. Tsujii and H. Uskoreit",
        publisher = "CEC",
        address = "Luxembourg"
}


% [Calliope seems to have only volume 10]
@article{pulman+hepple:1993,
        author = "S. Pulman and M. Hepple",
        year = 1993,
        title = "A feature-based formalism for two-level phonology: a description and implementation",
        journal = "Computer Speech and Language",
        volume = 7,
        pages = "333--358"
}




% QQQQ
% RRRR

@book{ross:1963,
        author = "Ellen H. Ross",
        year = "1963",
        title = "Rudimentos de gram\'atica aymara",
        publisher = "Misi\'on Bautista Canadiense",
        address = "La Paz"}

@incollection{ruessink:1989,
        author = "H. Ruessink",
        year = 1989,
        title = "Two level formalisms",
        booktitle = "Utrecht Working Papers in NLP",
        volume = 5,
        institution = "Utrecht University"
}


% SSSS

@book{sampson:1985,
        author = "Geoffrey Sampson",
        year = 1985,
        title = "Writing Systems",
        publisher = "Hutchinson",
        address = "London"
}

@incollection{schiller:1996,
        author = "Anne Schiller",
        year = 1996,
        title = "{D}eutsche {F}lexions- und {K}ompositionsmorphologie mit {PC-KIMMO}",
        booktitle = "Linguistische Verifikation: Dokumentation zur Ersten Morpholympics 1994",
        series = "Sprache und Information",
        number = 34,
        editor = "Roland Hausser",
        publisher = "Max Niemeyer Verlag",
        address = "T{\"u}bingen"
}

@article{schuetzenberger:1961,
        author = "Marcel-Paul Sch{\"u}tzenberger",
         title = "A remark on finite transducers",
        journal = "Information and Control",
        year = 1961,
        volume = 4,
        pages = "185--196"
}


@book{sneddon:1996,
        author = "James Neil Sneddon",
        year = 1996,
        title = "Indonesian: a comprehensive grammar",
        publisher = "Routledge",
        address = "London"
}


@book{sproat:1992,
        author = "Richard Sproat",
        year = 1992,
        title = "Morphology and Computation",
        publisher = "MIT Press",
        address = "Cambridge, MA"
}

@book{street:1963,
      title = "Khalkha Structure",
      author = "John C. Street",
      year = 1963,
      publisher = "Mouton",
      address = "The Hague, Netherlands"
}

% TTTT

@BOOK{taljaard+bosch:1988,
	AUTHOR = "P.C. Taljaard and S.E. Bosch",
	TITLE = "Handbook of isiZulu",
	YEAR = 1988,
	ADDRESS = "Pretoria",
	PUBLISHER = "J.L. van Schaik"
	}

% have
@inproceedings{trost:1990,
        author = "H. Trost",
        year = 1990,
        title = "The application of two-level morphology to non-concatenative German morphology",
        booktitle = "{COLING}'90",
        editor = "H. Karlgren",
        volume = 2,
        pages = "371--376"
}
% Papers Presented to the 13th International Conference on Computational Linguistics


% UUUU

% downloaded
@techreport{urbanczyk:1995,
        author = "Suzanne Urbanczyk",
        year = 1995,
        title = "Double Reduplications in Parallel",
        institution = "University of Massachusetts",
        type = "Occasional Papers in Linguistics",
        number = 18,
        note = "ROA-73"
}


% VVVV
% WWWW

@inproceedings{walther:2000,
        author = "Markus Walther",
        year = 2000,
        month = aug # "~5-6",
        title = "Temiar Reduplication in One-Level Prosodic Morphology",
        booktitle = "COLING Finite-State Phonology Workshop Proceedings",
        address = "Luxembourg",
        organization = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
        pages = "13--21"
}


@book{wood+yu:1998,
        title = {Automata Implementation},
        editor = {Derick Wood and Sheng Yu},
        series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
        volume = 1436,
        year = 1998,
        publisher = {Springer Verlag},
        address = {Berlin, Germany}
}




@book{wehr:1976,
        author = "Hans Wehr",
        year = 1976,
        title = "A Dictionary of Modern Written {Arabic}",
        edition = 3,
        address = "Ithaca, NY",
        publisher = "Spoken Language Services, Inc.",
        note = "Edited by J. Milton Cowan."
}

@book{wehr:1979,
        author = "Hans Wehr",
        year = 1979,
        title = "A Dictionary of Modern Written {Arabic}",
        edition = 4,
        address = "Ithaca, NY",
        publisher = "Spoken Language Services, Inc.",
        note = "Edited by J. Milton Cowan."
}

@mastersthesis{weibe:1992,
        author = "B. Wiebe",
        year = 1992,
        title = "Modelling autosegmental phonology with multi-tape finite state transducers",
        school = "Simon Fraser University"
}


% check edition number
@book{wright:1988,
        author = "W. Wright",
        year = 1988,
        title = "A grammar of the {Arabic} language",
        publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
        address = "Cambridge",
        edition = 3
}

@InProceedings{vannoord+gerdemann:1999,
        author = "Gertjan van Noord and Dale Gerdemann",
        title = "An Extendible Regular Expression Compiler for Finite-state
        Approaches in Natural Language Processing",
        booktitle="Workshop on Implementing Automata; WIA99 Pre-Proceedings",
        editor="O. Boldt and H. Juergensen and L. Robbins",
        year="1999",
        address="Potsdam Germany"
}


% XXXX
% YYYY
% ZZZZ